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91.
We have limited knowledge as to whether the phenomenological differences between episodic memories, counterfactuals, and future projections show the same pattern across age groups and diverse samples. Here we compared the characteristics of these mental events, reported by younger and older participants in a Turkish (Study 1) and in an American sample (Study 2). In both studies, memories contained more sensory-perceptual-spatial details, were easier to bring to mind, and more specific. Future projections were the most positive, whereas counterfactuals were the least emotionally intense. In Study 1, older participants rated the events more positively and experienced them with more perceptual detail, whereas younger participants reported the future to be more voluntarily rehearsed, important, and central. These age differences did not replicate in Study 2. Overall, phenomenological differences between the events are robust and replicate across diverse samples. However, age differences are more sensitive to cultural or individual differences. 相似文献
92.
道德外语效应(Moral Foreign Language effect)是指人们的道德判断在外语条件下发生改变的现象,自该效应提出以来,其背后的机制一直都是研究的热点。道德外语效应的解释机制主要有审慎加工增强、情绪反应减少和道德规范联结的减弱等。本文对三种影响机制进行了探讨,发现情绪、道德规范和外语水平对道德判断可能会产生影响。同时,本文指出未来可以从自我控制、认知启动效应、消极情绪启动效应及道德规范与外语水平之间的关系进行研究和探讨。 相似文献
93.
Shalak LF Perlman JM 《Mental retardation and developmental disabilities research reviews》2002,8(1):14-19
Recent evidence points to an association between intrauterine infection and cerebral palsy (CP) in the preterm as well as the term infant. The mechanisms that link these two conditions are unclear. Chorioamnionitis is a common clinical problem complicating 5-10% of pregnancies, whereas the incidence of CP attributed to intrapartum asphyxia is rare. Chorioamnionitis may result in brain injury as a result of interruption of placental blood flow (asphyxia), or via fever and/ or the cytokine release associated with infection. This review will attempt to establish the link between perinatal infection and brain damage in term infants. The characteristics of the perinatal inflammatory response, the potential mechanisms of brain injury associated with infection, and the clinical characteristics of neonatal encephalopathy will be discussed. 相似文献
94.
95.
Lina Molokotos-Liederman 《Journal of Contemporary Religion》2007,22(2):187-203
This article presents the initial findings of a research project funded by the Leverhulme Trust from 2003 to 2005. It should be seen as the sequel to a pilot study originally conducted in 2002 and published in the Journal of Contemporary Religion in 2003 (Molokotos-Liederman, ”Identity Crisis“). The article examines the ID card controversy in Greece, setting it in its broader European context. Using data from newspaper articles and interviews, it maps the different opinion groups that emerge from this controversy and offers a preliminary analysis of these views. The final section indicates a range of topics that are emerging from this study and merit further investigation. 相似文献
96.
TORBJÖRN TÄNNSJÖ 《Journal of Happiness Studies》2007,8(1):79-98
Narrow hedonism is defined and defended, as a view according to which pleasurable states are individuated as concrete and
total experiential situations of a sentient being at a time. Typical of such situations is that, when we are in them, we are
at a certain hedonic level. They feel in a certain way for the creature in them. On this understanding of narrow hedonism,
which is the only one making good sense of the theory and which was probably also intended by classical hedonists such as
Bentham and Edgeworth, standard objections to hedonism, based on the claim that different pleasures have nothing in common,
can be set to one side as misplaced and irrelevant. It is also hard to see how this kind of hedonism can be refined, or revised,
in the direction indicated by J.S. Mill, when he wants to distinguish “higher” pleasures from “lower” ones. On this understanding
of hedonism, we must claim that, those who want to follow Mill will have to rely on non-hedonistic intuitions and thus desert
the hedonist camp altogether. 相似文献
97.
The study focused on stability and prediction of parenting stress experiences over a 6‐year period. Mothers (N=93) who had received a clinical intervention for feeding or sleeping problems during infancy (Time 1; T 1) were followed‐up when the children were 5–10 years old (Time 2; T 2). An age‐ and sex‐of‐child matched normal group was used for comparison of stress levels at T 2. Parenting stress was measured by the Swedish Parenthood Stress Questionnaire, which consists of a general parenting stress scale and sub‐scales tapping different aspects of parenting stress experiences. T 1 predictors were clinical assessments of child problem load, maternal unresponsiveness, and family psychosocial problems. T 2 predictors were mother‐reported concurrent child problem load and psychosocial problems. The individual stability in stress experiences was moderate. Effect sizes indicated that mothers with early clinical contacts had reduced their stress to levels close to those in the normal sample. Parenting stress at T 2 could be predicted from early and from concurrent child and family problems. The results point to the relevance of early clinical assessments and to the importance of a sub‐area approach in parenting stress research, as there were differences between stress sub‐areas regarding both prediction and stability. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
98.
Theories of emotion propose that responses to emotional pictures can occur independently of whether or not people are aware of the picture content. Because evidence from dissociation paradigms is inconclusive, we manipulated picture awareness gradually and studied whether emotional responses varied with degree of awareness. Spider fearful and non-fearful participants viewed pictures of spiders and flowers at four levels of backward masking while electrodermal activity and heart rate were measured continuously. Recognition ratings confirmed that participants’ picture awareness decreased with masking. Critically, effects of spider fear on emotion ratings and heart rate also decreased with masking. These findings suggest that effects of spider fear on emotion ratings and heart rate are closely related to picture awareness. 相似文献
99.
100.