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161.
Chang Hong Liu Xiujuan Chai Shiguang Shan Motoyasu Honma Yoshihisa Osada 《Applied cognitive psychology》2009,23(7):987-998
It is well known that a new face studied from one view is often difficult to identify from another. This viewpoint dependence has detrimental implications for forensic practice. To compensate for this problem, we employed synthesized face images in the training session of a standard old/new recognition task. Observers in the experimental conditions learned one or more synthesized face images along with an original photograph of the face in a different view, whereas observers in the control conditions learned only the original photograph of the face. It was found that the experimental conditions consistently produced better recognition accuracy than the control conditions. We conclude that synthesized face views can be used to facilitate person identification in forensic applications. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
162.
Ying Cheng Hua‐Hua Chang 《The British journal of mathematical and statistical psychology》2009,62(2):369-383
This paper introduces a new heuristic approach, the maximum priority index (MPI) method, for severely constrained item selection in computerized adaptive testing. Our simulation study shows that it is able to accommodate various non‐statistical constraints simultaneously, such as content balancing, exposure control, answer key balancing, and so on. Compared with the weighted deviation modelling method, it leads to fewer constraint violations and better exposure control while maintaining the same level of measurement precision. 相似文献
163.
Using a representational momentum paradigm, this study investigated the hypothesis that judgments of how far another agent’s head has rotated are influenced by the perceived gaze direction of the head. Participants observed a video-clip of a face rotating 60° towards them starting from the left or right profile view. The gaze direction of the face was either congruent with, ahead of, or lagging behind the angle of rotation. Following this, two static faces, at varying angles of rotation with respect to the end-point angle of the face in the video-clip, were presented simultaneously. The task of the participants was to decide which of the two heads was at an angle best resembling the angle of the end-point of the moving face. The critical test condition consisted of one test face oriented at 10° before, and the other at 10° after the end-point. The ‘lagging behind’ gaze condition elicited a significant underestimation of the rotation compared to the ‘congruent’ and ‘ahead’ gaze conditions. Participants did not exhibit similar biases when judging the rotation of several non-face control stimuli with visual features that mimicked different aspects of gaze direction. The findings suggest that when the gaze direction of a perceived agent is incongruent with the direction of the agent’s head motion observers automatically utilise this discrepancy to adjust their inferences about the agent’s intended heading direction. 相似文献
164.
Mylien T. Duong David Schwartz Lei Chang Brynn M. Kelly Shelley R. Tom 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》2009,37(7):957-966
This study examines the relation between maternal physical discipline and victimization by peers, as moderated by child aggression.
The sample consisted of 211 Hong Kong Chinese children (98 boys, 113 girls; average age of 11.9). Physical discipline was
assessed with a questionnaire completed by mothers, and victimization by peers and aggression were measured using a peer nomination
inventory. Latent variable models revealed a moderately strong link between children’s experiences with maternal physical
discipline and peer victimization, but this effect held only for children who were also high on aggression. These results
highlight the interplay between harsh home environments and child aggression and their contributions to the child’s adjustment
in the peer group. 相似文献
165.
Catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) is a methylation enzyme that catalyzes the degradation pathway and inactivation of dopamine. It is accepted widely as being involved in the modulation of dopaminergic physiology and prefrontal cortex (PFC) function. The COMT Val158Met polymorphism is associated with variation in COMT activity. COMT 158Met allele may be advantageous for PFC-related cognitive abilities; however, it is also associated with increased anxiety, depression, and emotional vulnerability in response to stress or educational adversity. We hypothesized that the COMT polymorphism might be associated with academic performance. In this study, 779 Taiwanese tenth-grade volunteers were recruited. Scores from the Basic Competency Test (BCT), an annual national competitive entrance examination, were used to evaluate academic performance. The results indicated that students bearing homozygous for the Met allele tended to perform more poorly in all BCT subtests as compared to the other groups. In particular, the former performed significantly more poorly in the science and social science subtests. These findings provide evidence that affective factors might overwhelm cognitive abilities in high-stake tests like the BCT. 相似文献
166.
167.
Lee CH 《Journal of psycholinguistic research》2007,36(1):1-14
Three experiments were conducted to test the phonological recoding hypothesis in visual word recognition. Most studies on
this issue have been conducted using mono-syllabic words, eventually constructing various models of phonological processing.
Yet in many languages including English, the majority of words are multi-syllabic words. English includes words incorporating
a silent letter in their letter strings (e.g., champane). Such words provide an opportunity for investigating the role of phonological information in multi-syllabic words by comparing
them to words that do not have the silent letter in the corresponding position (e.g., passener). The performance focus is on the effects of removing letters from words with a silent letter and from words with a non-silent
letter. Three representative lexical tasks—naming, semantic categorization, lexical decision—were conducted in the present
study. Stimuli that excluded a silent letter (e.g., champa_ne) were processed faster than those that excluded a sounding letter
(e.g., passen_er) in the naming (Experiment 1), the semantic categorization (Experiment 2), and the lexical decision task
(Experiment 3). The convergent evidence from these three experiments provides seminal proof of phonological recoding in multi-syllabic
word recognition.
An erratum to this article can be found at 相似文献
168.
前扣带回在多种任务中的普遍激活使它成为当前认知控制研究的一个热点。一般认为它是执行控制网络的一个组成部分。针对它的功能尚缺乏一个综合的可以普遍接受的理论,前扣带回功能的冲突监测理论是一个影响十分广泛的理论。它认为前扣带回通过监测冲突提供控制信号,并将控制信号传达给具体负责控制的脑区。该文对冲突监测理论的观点及其实验支持做了简要的介绍,并对该理论存在的一些问题做了一些说明 相似文献
169.
从多元概化理论看高考综合能力测试的改进 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
通过多元概化理论的研究发现,高考综合能力测试(2001,广东)的总体信度达到了可以接受的水平(0.784)。但测验中各部分对总方差的贡献程度与预定的赋分比例有较大差距。其中,地理和政治的贡献度偏低,化学和历史的贡献度偏高。这表明有(历史和化学)偏科特点的考生得到了较高的综合分数。又经决策(D)研究发现,增加地理部分的题量会反常地降低测验的总体信度,这说明有不少高分考生答错或主动放弃了地理科题目。因此,如何有效控制各部分的实际贡献程度、避免负面导向是当前高考综合能力测试亟待解决的问题。 相似文献
170.
The prevalence of suicidal ideation and its relations with perceived parenting treatment and family climate was examined in 120 Hong Kong students aged 15–19 years. Fifty‐two per cent of the participants reported suicide ideation. Suicide ideation was found to be significantly associated with perceived authoritarian parenting, low parental warmth, high maternal over‐control, negative child‐rearing practices, and a negative family climate. A positive family climate may act as a buffer against developing suicide ideation in adolescents. 相似文献