Instructional cost and utlization of classroom time for fifth grade students of differing achievement levels

The literature is abundant with studies on how students use their classroom time. Little research has been done, however, on the instructional cost associated with the productive use of student classroom time. This study examines how 36 fifth grade students, classified as low, medium, and high achievers, used their classroom time. A measure of instructional cost based on productive use of time is proposed.     

医学心理学三十年

本文概略地叙述了医学心理学三十年来的历程,并就心理治疗、神经症的心理病因和心理特点、精神病的病理心理特点、针刺麻醉中的心理学问题、智力落后儿童的心理诊断等几个方面的研究工作作了回顾。     

中国人眼光谱相对视亮度函数的研究 Ⅱ 暗视函数

一、引 言 人眼作为光接受器,对于可见光谱内的不同波长的辐射有不同的视亮度或感受性。随着光照水平的变化,人眼的这种光谱感受性又有明显的变化:在明视条件下,正常人眼最敏感的部位在黄绿区内;在暗视条件下,敏感峰值向短波段推移,在蓝绿区。这种现象称为朴金耶(purkinje)位移。它是由网膜机能的双重性所决定的——明视觉主要是锥体     

不同光源对视觉辨认的影响

前言 自然光和各种人工光的光谱组成不同、色温不同、显现颜色的特性也各不相同。但是在相同照度下,各种光源对人眼辨认非采色对象的效果是否一样,照明工程设计人员有着不同的意见。从而影响到照度标准的制定。多数国家如美国和英、法等西欧各国不     

实验动物的处死方法与脑内单膜类神经介质变化的关系

中枢神经介质的研究虽然只有短短二十多年的历史,但它与痛觉、情绪、睡眠与觉醒、学习和记忆有密切关系,特别是神经介质在精神活动中所起的作用引起了人们的浓厚兴趣。这已成为心理学研究领域内不可忽视的重要课题,它为脑功能的深入研究开辟了新的前景。     

Protecting Sexual Minority Youth from Research Risks: Conflicting Perspectives

We describe the dilemmas we encountered in the informed consent process for an HIV prevention project targeting Black gay, bisexual, and non-gay identified young men. We highlight the complexities of applying informed parental consent procedures to sexual minority youth and identify some of the challenges that researchers who work with sexual minority youth face when they must balance the needs and rights of this population against the needs and rights accorded to parents by federal guidelines for protecting minor participants in research.     

Standards for education and training in psychological assessment position of the Society for Personality Assessment

The Society for Personality Assessment is a national and international professional organization devoted to research and practice in the field of psychological assessment. As such, it represents practitioners of assessment regardless of discipline or degree.     

Universal features of personality traits from the observer's perspective: data from 50 cultures

To test hypotheses about the universality of personality traits, college students in 50 cultures identified an adult or college-aged man or woman whom they knew well and rated the 11,985 targets using the 3rd-person version of the Revised NEO Personality Inventory. Factor analyses within cultures showed that the normative American self-report structure was clearly replicated in most cultures and was recognizable in all. Sex differences replicated earlier self-report results, with the most pronounced differences in Western cultures. Cross-sectional age differences for 3 factors followed the pattern identified in self-reports, with moderate rates of change during college age and slower changes after age 40. With a few exceptions, these data support the hypothesis that features of personality traits are common to all human groups.     

Gender differences in unrealistic optimism about marriage and divorce: are men more optimistic and women more realistic?

Two studies (n = 497) examine gender differences in "unrealistic optimism" in beliefs of marriage using a Taiwanese population. Unrealistic optimism is defined as the beliefs that positive (negative) events are more (less) likely to happen to one's self versus others. Although the bias is robust, it has been shown to be lower among people with an interdependent orientation, specifically those from a collectivist culture (e.g., Taiwan). We find that the unrealistic optimism bias is stronger (Study 1) and more resilient to change when base rates are provided (Study 2) for men as compared to women. Results are consistent with the interpretation that men have a less relationally interdependent self-construal than women. Theoretical implications for unrealistic optimism, cross-cultural psychology, as well as gender differences are discussed.