行为治疗在癌症临床治疗中的应用

行为治疗是以学习理论为基础的一种心理治疗方法,近年来已被广泛用于癌症的临床治疗中,并在患者的心理和生理方面均取得一定的治疗效果。本文将对这些治疗方法及其治疗效果予以介绍     

3─6岁儿童传递性关系推理的研究

设计三种情境考察被试的推理情况,并试图揭示儿童是怎样进行传递性关系推理的。结果显示：（１）３—６岁儿童具有进行传递性关系推理能力;（２）造成我国３—６岁儿童作传递性关系推理失败的原因有二：一是错误理解比较句式,二是没有记住前提;（３）３—６岁儿童进行传递性关系推理的内部过程不同：小年龄段被试多采用“局部加工模式”,大龄段被试多采用“整体空间加工模式”。     

儿童心理折叠能力的发展

本研究主要考察儿童心理折叠能力的发展。结果表明：（１）一般情况下,学生的心理折叠能力随年级（年龄）的上升而提高;（２）智力高的学生的心理折叠能力显著高于常态学生,而且,智力与年级之间存在较强的交互作用说明,智力是影响心理折叠能力发展的主要因素;（３）在本文所涉及的条件下,就总体而言,男生的心理折叠成绩高于女生。但这种性别差异主要不是来自常态组,而来自超常组;（４）不同被试组儿童的心理折叠能力具有不定全一致的发展曲线。     

The Psychosocial Development of Children and Adolescents in the People's Republic of China: An Eriksonian Approach

This exploratory study of Eriksonian psychosocial development in school-aged children in the People's Republic of China tested the feasibility of Erikson's model with 360 students from 6 primary and high schools. The 16 Content Analysis Scales of Psychosocial Maturity were applied to the transcribed verbalizations from an open-ended interview and the scale scores were analyzed with two factors, school grade and gender. The grade-related results indicated that the development of psychosocial maturity among these school students showed some consistency with Erikson's model in terms of stage-relevant experience. However, resolution of industry versus inferiority was the main focus of all the research participants. Identity versus identity diffusion was emerging among high school students. A high level of trust existed for all school grades, but grade 1 consistently scored higher than other grades for all aspects of psychosocial maturity. No significant gender difference was found for any stage experience. The implications for the findings and the limitations of the methodology have been discussed.     

格式塔和容限空间

本文讨论了视知觉的组织的本质。整体性的知觉的许多事实表明,视觉系统的一个基本和一般的功能象是对大范围拓扑性质的抽提。运用“容限空间”的数学结构,可以描述在一个离散集合上的大范围性质。因此决定知觉的组织规律性,如象相邻性和相似性这样的格式塔的规律,可以由大范围的拓扑(容限)性质来给与数学的描述。格式塔的本质正是这种大范围容限性质的抽提。     

摄影用标准灰板、色板的研制

用涂料研制成一套摄影用标准灰板和色板。色板共六块,包括红、绿、蓝、黄、品、青六种颜色。灰板共七块,其中包括六级灰板,其光谱反射率分别为91.8,44.6,23.4,12.8,6.0,3.8及一块反射率为18.0的中性灰板。灰板和色板经国内七家电影制片厂试用和评定,效果良好,符合实际使用要求,可作为彩色还原评价的标准器件。此标准灰板和色板已通过技术鉴定被定为国家标准[GB3356—83]。     

抑制儿茶酚胺的生物合成对群体隔离大白鼠学习和记忆的影响

本文观察了儿茶酚胺的生物合成抑制剂——α-甲基酪氨酸(α-MT)和二乙基二硫氨基甲酸酯钠(DDC)——对群体隔离大白鼠学习和记忆的影响。结果发现α-MT(250mg/公斤体重)对群居动物学习方位水迷津无明显影响,但对隔离动物的学习有明显影响。α-MT对群居和隔离动物的记忆的影响不明显,DDC(500mg/公斤体重)对群居和隔离动物的学习和记忆均无明显影响。注射α-MT后隔离动物大脑皮质内去甲肾上腺素的含量降低了38.1％,而群居动物仅降低了20.1％。结果提示隔离动物对方位水迷津学习能力的降低可能与脑内去甲肾上腺素和多巴胺的含量下降尤其是与大脑皮质内去甲肾上腺素含量的下降有关。     

Exploring self-forgiveness

This article presents the results of a phenomenological study of the experience of self-forgiveness. On the basis of in-depth interviews with seven subjects, self-forgiveness is described not as an achievement but rather as a gift where one moves from estrangement and brokenness to a sense of at-homeness.This article is based in part on a paper presented at the Eighth International Human Science Research Conference at the University of Aarhus, Denmark, in August 1989. The authors thank their colleagues Carolyn Grissom and Jodi Kelly for their helpful suggestions.     

熟悉嗓声识别中猴脑的事件相关电位

在四只三岁龄雄性猕猴(Macaca mulatta)中,研究了识别熟悉人与陌生人、熟悉猴与陌生猴嗓声中的脑事件相关电位(ERPs)。结果表明,对熟悉猴和陌生猴的噪声“er”所诱发的ERPs在左颞区和左、右两顶区存在着显著差异。熟悉猴嗓声在左颞区诱发的P200波潜伏期长,左顶区N100波幅值大,在左、右顶区P300波潜伏期短。熟悉人与陌生人嗓声“pa”诱发的ERPs在左、右顶区P200波潜伏期有显著性差异,熟悉“Pa”诱发反应潜伏期短。熟悉人与陌生人噪声“ba”诱发的ERPs没有差异。熟悉猴嗓声与熟悉人嗓声加“pa”诱发的ERPs相比,在右颞区的P300波幅值显著变大,两顶区N100波幅值也增大,在右顶区P200和P300波的潜伏期也明显变短。顶问区N100波潜伏期短、幅值高。陌生人与陌生猴“pa”嗓声诱发的ERPs间没有差异。熟悉猴嗓声和陌生猴嗓声出现的概率不同,并不引起ERPs的明显差异。     

Global environmental policy in social contexts: The case of China

In the last few years, China has taken steps to respond to the international trend to protect the global environment, especially with respect to global warming issues. This is primarily because China has now become the largest coal producer in the world. The emissions of carbon dioxide in China caused by fossil fuel burning are enormous. This factor has attracted growing, worldwide attention. Moreover, the low energy efficiency in production and consumption process has generated concern about how to keep the enrgy sector development in harmony with the environment. In addition, natural disasters, particularly the 1991 flood (the worst since the 1940s), has driven the government to reorient its national security in the broader international context. He also holds a research position at the Institute of Social Science, Danish Technical University, Denmark. He is now completing his Ph.D. work at the Institute of Economics and Planning, Roskilde University Center, Denmark. His research interest focuses on global environmental policy issues.