我国中小学生创造力与智力和人格相关研究

创造力与智力和人格之间关系历来众说纷坛,据我们对中国中小学生的相关研究后发现,创造力与智商有很高的相关,也就是说高创造力有赖于高智商．但两者间又不是完全同步,高智商者并不一定有高创造力．它显然还受到其它因素的影响,如兴趣,勤奋,知识的学习和运用等等．创,造力与人格的关系被称为创造人格。据我们的研究,中小学生具有高智慧性,高乐观性,高敢为性和低忧虑性等创造性人格特征。     

中文阅读中的语音类似效果

两个实验中的音韵和同声母没有启动效果这个事实,表明中文词视觉认知是经过正字法路线直接通达语义的。然而实验二同音词的启动效果可得出与以上相反的结论,即语音在中文阅读中有一定作用。两种不同的结果表明,语音在中文阅读中是否有作用,对书写词本身包含的语音类似信息具有依赖性。可能的结论是,在词汇通达中语音激活是自动的,但在中文似乎要比拼音文字弱;中文阅读也许更具有直通语义的特点。此研究支持双通道理论。     

构成理论关于推论与记叙文篇章理解的研究

构成理论认为,读者在阅读记叙文篇章时,试图构成一个有意义的情景参照模式以表达读者的目标、篇章连贯性以及解释文中为何提到所描述的行为、事件及情景,其中推论生成是一个重要环节。而推论可分为十三类,有六类属线上生成,五类属脱线生成,有两类难以确定．需考虑语用因素,其中有些推论因读者目标不同而有特殊性。构成理论还认为,除了局部推论和整体推论外,其它推论都与读者的世界知识有关。该者目标满足,局部与整体连贯实现,以及外显信息解释决定着对记叙文篇章的理解。     

Uniform connectedness and classical gestalt principles of perceptual grouping

We assessed whether uniform connectedness (UC; Palmer & Rock, 1994) operates prior to effects reflecting classical principles of grouping: proximity and similarity. In Experiments 1 and 2, reaction times to discriminate global letters (H vs. E), made up of small circles, were recorded. The small circles were respectively grouped by proximity, similarity of shapes, and by UC. The discrimination of stimuli grouped by similarity was slower than those grouped by proximity, and it was speeded up by the addition of UC. However, the discrimination of stimuli grouped by proxhnity was unaffected by connecting the local elements. In Experiment 3, similar results occurred in a task requiring discrimination of the orientation of grouped elements, except that the discrimination of stimuli grouped by UC was faster than that of those grouped by weak proximity. Experiment 4 further showed that subjects could respond to letters composed of discriminably separate local elements as fast as to those without separated local elements. The results suggest that grouping by similarity of shapes is perceived slower than grouping by UC, but grouping by proximity can be as fast and efficient as that by UC.     

氦-氖激光对大鼠躲避条件反应的影响与纹状体神经介质的变化

用54只大鼠为材料,观察了以光导纤维导入脑内的氦-氖激光对其躲避条件反射(CAR)形成的影响和六种神经介质含量的变化。结果表明,四组动物中,只有氦-氖激光照射尾核的一组动物的学习行为指标(CAR阳性率、CAR反应次数)显著优于手术对照组,同时脑纹状体内去甲肾上腺素(NE)和多巴胺(DA)显著增高,而5-羟色胺(5-HT)降低,这是该组动物的特异性脑化学改变。     

小学儿童运算思惟灵活性发展的研究

本研究是密切结合学校第一线教学工作进行的。它通过横断方法与纵向方法相结合,教育与心理发展相促进,使整个研究处于“动态”,即从发展变化的观点来研究问题,围绕着小学儿童运算过程中思惟灵活性品质发展与培养,展开全面的研究。     

Ambiguity,cubist works of art,and preference

Number of one sec views and verbal judgements of interestingness and pleasingness of Cubist paintings were found to be a function of subjective ambiguity, defined in terms of the Shannon-Wiener average information measure, especially when an expectancy had been established regarding the identity of the main object or person in the paintings. Viewing behaviour was found to increase with subjective ambiguity; verbal judgements were found to decrease. Titles corresponding to varying degrees to the content of the paintings or instructions involving guessing were used to manipulate expectancy. An attempt was made to explain these findings and those involving recall of titles by making reference to Berlyne's point of view and the experimental literature.     

小学儿童数概念与运算能力发展的研究

我们曾对学龄前儿童和初入学儿童数概念与运算能力的发展作了研究。小学儿童的运算思惟是如何发展的呢?这也是儿童心理学重要研究领域之一。 我们围绕着小学儿童数概念与运算能力发展的研究,企图摸索一下小学儿童运算中     

锂盐对大鼠脑单胺类和氨基酸类神经介质含量的影响

本文以111只大鼠为材料,研究了锂盐重度中毒、血清锂达2.67±0.9meq/升,小脑锂达2.05±0.92meq/kg时,脑及各脑区六种单胺类和氨基酸,类物质含量的改变。结果表明,与正常动物相比,脑多巴胺(DA)和谷氨酸(GA)含量显著下降,5-羟色胺(5-HT),5-羟吲哚醋酸,(5-HIAA)和γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)显著增高,去甲基肾上腺素(NE)虽有下降却未达显著水平。就各脑区而言,端脑DA和GA含量显著下降,5-HIAA和GABA显著升高;间脑的NE显著下降,5-HT和GABA显著升高;脑干中除GABA增高外,其他五种测定物未发生显著改变。 这一结果似乎支持了情感活动和情感性精神病的单胺假说;但它并不是锂盐作用的唯一的和特异性机制,它也引起包括脑干在内的各脑区的GABA含量的增高。     

高原低氧对脑功能的影响

本文报告了海拔4,000米左右低氧对脑功能的影响,并观察了高原现场驾驶汽车劳动6小时后脑功能的变化。所用测试指标如下:视觉机能(颜色分辨、深度觉、视觉疲劳和视觉注意稳定性等测验);听觉机能(听阈测验、听觉疲劳、声音强度辨别阈和声源定向等测定);记忆联想和演算能力测定;反应时和手脚协同活动反应;驾驶追踪动作和汽车穿桩实验等多种综合指标。结果表明,一些指标有影响,另一些指标没有影响。总的看来,海拔4,000米左右的高原现场对人的感觉机能和脑功能没有明显的影响。