Are people always more risk averse after disasters? Surveys after a heavy snow‐hit and a major earthquake in China in 2008

China suffered both a heavy snow‐hit and a major earthquake in 2008. To investigate the effects of disasters on risky decision making, opportunity samples were obtained by recruiting residents in both devastated and non‐devastated areas. In a survey (Study 1) conducted shortly after the heavy snow‐hit, we found that people were not always more risk averse after a disaster as previous studies had claimed and that they were inclined to approach an option with ‘low probability associated gain’ and to avoid an option with ‘low probability associated loss’. These findings were replicated in a consecutive survey (Study 2) conducted after the Wenchuan earthquake. It was further found that the popularity of both insurance and lottery, which presumably contributed to overweighing of small probabilities, was detected to have been enhanced with substantial exposure to the earthquake disaster. The implications of these findings for risk education and government policy making were discussed. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Ecstasy use and suicidal behavior among adolescents: findings from a national survey

The relationship between ecstasy use and suicidal behavior among adolescents in the United States was examined. Data from the adolescent subsample (ages 12-17, N = 19,301) of the 2000 National Household Survey on Drug Abuse were used in the analyses. Information on adolescent substance use, suicidal behaviors, and related sociodemographic, family, and individual factors was obtained in the survey. The rate of past year suicide attempt among adolescents with lifetime ecstasy use was almost double that of adolescents who had used other drugs only, and nine times that of adolescents with no history of illicit drug use. In multinomial logistic regression analyses controlling for related factors, the effect of ecstasy use remained significant. Adolescent ecstasy users may require enhanced suicide prevention and intervention efforts.     

辩证认识氯胺酮

氯胺酮又称K粉,为苯环己哌啶的衍生物,非竞争性NMDA受体拮抗剂,起初作为分离性麻醉剂应用于临床,后因其具有致幻性和精神依赖性,作为一种新型毒品在世界范围内广泛流行.氯胺酮由药品变成毒品,引发了一系列哲学的思考,只有用发展的、辩证的、矛盾的哲学思维去认识氛胺酮,才能正确对待其被斌予的双重身份.     

经脐单孔免气腹腹腔镜阑尾切除术

总结经脐单孔免气腹腹腔镜行阑尾切除术的优势。对40例阑尾炎患者行经脐单孔免气腹腹腔镜阑尾切除术。结果手术均获成功,无中转开腹,所有手术患者均痊愈出院,无手术并发症及死亡。经脐单孔免气腹腹腔镜阑尾切除术能扩大腹腔镜阑尾切除术适应证,增加了手术的安全性。而且其良好的美容效果是传统腔镜手术不具备的。     

中学生攻击性行为的注意偏向与冲动控制特征

通过注意偏向实验、BPAQ攻击问卷与Barratt冲动量表的施测,探讨中学生攻击性行为的注意偏向与冲动控制特征。研究结果发现,中学生攻击性行为及冲动控制性别差异不显著;低攻击性与高攻击性中学生表现出对攻击性刺激的注意偏向特征,在冲动控制上差异也极其显著;中学生攻击性行为与注意偏向、冲动控制总体上呈显著正相关;攻击词注意偏向与冲动控制对中学生攻击性行为具有显著预测作用。     

陌生的邻居:东正教之于中俄相互认知上的障碍性角色

在中俄战略协作伙伴关系的框架下,双方的确没有出现如中美或中国与欧盟之间那样的纷争和冲突,但也缺乏中美、中欧之间相互深刻影响对方的社会进程、经济发展和生活方式变革等积极成果。造成这种矛盾现象的因素固然复杂,但俄罗斯东正教作为远远超出宗教领域的巨大存在,影响着后苏联社会进程的每个方面,却不能被中俄战略协作伙伴关系所考虑,这在客观上必然影响俄中关系,应该是这种战略实施后果不很理想的重要原因。本文探讨两个问题:俄罗斯东正教之于后苏联的超常重要性,以及,中国对俄国的认知绕开东正教因素和无神论政策是不可能的。     

Xunzi as a Semantic Inferentialist: Zhengmin, Bian-Shuo and Dao-Li

This essay argues that the idea of name-rectification (zheng ming 正名) in the Xunzi can be properly reconstructed as revealing a normative pragmatic semantic theme that linguistic contents embody, and are embedded in, the normative, justificatory network, or pattern, of dao li 道理 (proper routes/patterns of norm) which, in turn, is constituted and manifested by social inferential justificatory practices of bian shuo 辯說 (dialectical justification/explanation).     

焦虑症状的绘画评定研究

目的:利用回归分析探讨绘画测验对焦虑状态的评定作用。方法：对290名被试实施了房子-树-人绘画投射测验和Scl90焦虑分量表测验,结果：在所考察的11种绘画特征中,有5种对焦虑具有预测性。可以建立绘画特征对焦虑进行预测的回归方程,方程具有中等程度的解释水平。两名主试评价的Kappa一致性系数均达到较高水平。结论：可以通过绘画测验评定和预测焦虑,焦虑症状的绘画测验方法具有较好的评分者信度。     

班级辅导对改善初中生乐观心理品质的实验研究

以《生活取向测量修订版》、《儿童解释风格问卷》、《中国中学生心理健康量表》为评估工具,从积极心理学和积极心理健康教育的理念出发,对实验班进行8周的班级辅导。结果表明:班级心理辅导能改善和培养初中生乐观心理品质。     

The Association Between Physical Functioning and Self-rated General Health in Later Life: The Implications of Social Comparison

Self-rated general health has been used widely in health surveys as a single-item measurement of health-rated quality of life. Heterogeneity in self-evaluation of health has been well documented, yet the causes of this heterogeneity are poorly understood. This study evaluated the moderating effects of age, aging, gender, race, education and income on the relationship between physical functioning and self-rated general health using social comparison theory as a guiding framework. A longitudinal mixed-effects regression model was used to analyze a cohort enrolled into the Health and Retirement Study in 1993 that was interviewed at baseline and during four subsequent waves. The results revealed that the association between physical functioning and self-rated general health is weaker among subgroups that tend to have lower health status; i.e., older individuals, non-Caucasians and less educated individuals. These findings suggest the usefulness of social comparison theory in explaining self-rated general health and provide the basis for future research.