Effects of trustors' social identity complexity on interpersonal and intergroup trust

Although previous literature has revealed the effect of a single social identity on trust, only few studies have examined how multiple social identities affect trust in others. The present research examined the effects of trustors' social identity complexity on their level of trust toward another person (interpersonal trust), outgroup members (outgroup trust), and ingroup members (ingroup trust). Study 1, which was a correlational study, indicated that trustors' social identity complexity was positively related to their interpersonal and outgroup trust. Three experimental studies were performed to identify causal relationships. Study 2 found that activating trustors' high social identity complexity produced high levels of interpersonal trust, and Studies 3 and 4 found that this effect was more pronounced when the trustee was an outgroup member (outgroup trust) rather than an ingroup member (ingroup trust). The implications of these results for social harmony are discussed.     

Positive and Negative Affect in Loss Aversion: Additive or Subtractive Logic?

Previous studies explain loss aversion as the result of a situation in which the expected negative emotions derived from a potential loss exceed the expected positive emotions derived from a potential gain (subtractive logic). We questioned this view and proposed additive logic, in which a linear combination between negative and positive emotions can be used as summed anticipatory affect intensity (SAAI) to explain loss aversion. By disproving two implicit hypotheses of subtractive logic, Study 1 showed that the additive logic of expected positive and negative affect was more effective than the subtractive logic in predicting loss aversion. Study 2 used real monetary gains and losses to verify the conclusion in Study 1. Using state‐trait theory to comprehensively consider the state and trait aspects of affect intensity, we further deduced that the immediate expected affect intensity might originate from the difference of an individual trait in affect intensity. Study 3 proved this hypothesis and showed that SAAI plays an intermediary role between affect intensity and loss aversion. Furthermore, Study 4 used real gamblers in casinos in Macau as its sample and obtained the same conclusion regarding loss aversion in real life as was found in the laboratory. Finally, we explained the effect of SAAI on loss aversion and indicated the contribution and significance of this study. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Improving Motor Performance During Initial Skills Acquisition Through Regulatory Fit: An Experimental Study Based on Ball Throwing Task and Small Financial Reward

Regulatory focus theory (RFT) suggests that performance will be enhanced when there is a match between individual characteristics and environmental cues. Given that the application of RFT in the context of motor performance has been rarely examined, a ball-throwing task with small financial reward was conducted to test the theory. A total of 51 undergraduate students participated in this study. They were randomly assigned to either the promotion- or prevention-oriented task (which were different in terms of how the reward was instructed to be given). Results indicated that students performed better on ball throwing when the given instruction fit their relatively dominant regulatory focus. This finding supports the expectations of RFT. Implications and limitations were discussed.     

So You,My Children,Can Have a Better Life: A Cambodian American Perspective on the Phenomenology of Intergenerational Communication about Trauma

We address this question: How do Cambodian American young adults come to know about their family’s experiences of trauma? Using a social constructivist critical ideological approach, we developed a phenomenological model describing intergenerational communication about trauma (IGCT) in Cambodian American families. We found IGCT to be an interactional process in which younger and older generations each played a role. IGCT was influenced by the availability of multiple sources of information and opportunities for learning, interpersonal connectedness between the generations, emotional distress tolerance, and having motivation to empathically learn and share. When these factors were abundant, direct interactive IGCT was more likely. When wanting, the IGCT was more disrupted and incoherent, filled with emotionally charged silence and lead to negative attributions. IGCT was a dynamic process that could change over time to accommodate developmental change. Limitations of the findings, clinical implications, and future directions are discussed.     

近年来国内皮尔士研究概述

皮尔士(Charles Sanders Peirce,1839～1914)是美国实用主义的创始人,他对实用主义的产生和发展有着无可替代的作用.然而,皮尔士的思想并不仅仅体现在对实用主义思潮的贡献上.     

伍德对胡萨米:马克思和正义问题之争

伍德与胡萨米关于马克思是否批判资本主义为不正义之争是一场富有启发性的论争。本文从三个方面对这场论争做了简要的述评：(1)马克思批判资本主义社会是否基于某种正义观?(2)马克思是否认为资本主义剥削是不正义的?(3)在马克思的视野中,共产主义是否是一个正义社会?     

结核疫情面临的新问题

结核病是危害人类健康的最严重的传染病之一.20世纪上半叶,结核病疫情的控制收到了较好的效果,但是自20世纪80年代起,结核疫情再次抬头.WHO统计监测以及我国在1979、1984/1985、1990、2000年四次全国结核病流行病学抽样调查显示,结核疫情在全世界不容乐观,结核疫情的发展趋势应当引起医务工作者和社会各界人士的重视.     

西方传教士与十九世纪福州的茶叶贸易

福州成为近代五口通商口岸之一是与西方列强对茶叶的大量需求以及要急于展开对福建的茶叶贸易分不开的。在福州开埠前后,基督教传教士发挥了重要的作用。随着福州茶市的日益兴盛,传教士与茶叶贸易间的关系愈来愈密切,触角从单纯传播福音开始延伸至与茶叶相关的经济活动,其身份也出现了微妙的变化。本文拟对西方传教士与福州茶港开埠以及与茶叶贸易及商务的相互关系与影响等作一探讨,以期引起学术界对传教士与中国近代经济活动关系问题研究的重视。     

"白黑之争"及其对"缘起性空"说的误解

"白黑之争"是南朝刘宋时代儒家与佛教在哲学领域中的一次重要争论,其代表作是慧琳的<白黑论>.从有关争论来看,无论是反对佛教因果报应说的一方还是支持佛教的一方,对于佛教般若学中的"有谛"和"无谛"的本意都未能透彻地了解,这说明了印度大乘空宗哲学这种异质文化因子在当时还处在"格义"的阶段,多有误解.虽然在东晋十六国时代的僧肇已经比较准确地把握和阐释了般若"空"的本义,但佛教般若学那种"非有非无,非非有非非无"的思辩逻辑对于中土来说毕竟是陌生的,也是难以接受的.