Delinquency Among Chinese Adolescents: Modeling Sources of Frustration and Gender Differences

This study explores the relationship between strain and delinquency participation among Chinese adolescents. Using survey reports of over 1,700 middle-school students in Fuzhou, China, the study yielded results consistent with expectations. First, a significant relationship is observed between reports of overall strain and delinquency after controlling for common correlates. Further, adolescents in Fuzhou, China are more likely to engage in delinquency in response to strain over status achievement. Finally, whereas boys are more susceptible to status-related frustration, girls are more responsive to strain over physical well-being. These results are discussed in light of sociocultural expectations pertinent to adolescents in Mainland China.     

When low-warmth targets are liked: the roles of competence, gender, and relative status

Previous research has shown that people use warmth and competence as basic dimensions to evaluate others and to interpret their behavior, but little research has examined the conditions under which low-warmth targets are liked. A series of 3 experiments involving 4 vignettes showed, in general, that low-warmth targets were better liked when they exhibited higher competence and that high-status persons displayed greater tolerance toward the low-warmth person of low status. Exceptions to these patterns were predicted and found as a function of the type of organizational context in which evaluations were made: groups that place priority on individual goals over common goals and groups that are performance oriented rather than relationship oriented. Target gender interacted with competence and relative status.     

Image quality of a mobile display under different illuminations

This study constructed the image quality models for a small mobile display under different ambient illumination levels using Group Method and Data Handling (GMDH) and described the relationship between perceived image quality and physical measurements. 33 college students took part in this experiment and were asked to evaluate the image quality under 1500 lux (typical indoor office illumination) and 7000 lux (simulated outdoor environment) in Stage One and Stage Two, respectively. In each stage, the participants had to evaluate 21 images. 17 sets of the data as a training set were used to build the model and four sets of the data as a testing set were used to verify the model. The results indicated that the effects of luminance, contrast, correlated color temperature (CCT), and resolution were significant on perceived image quality under 1500 lux. However, color temperature was not a significant physical characteristic, and an interaction between luminance and contrast was found below 7000 lux. From the results of the experiment, it is considered that the outdoor environment (7000 lux) is not suitable for using mobile displays. Finally, once a valid image quality model is built, the subjective image quality can be established when the measurements of significant physical characteristics are provided. The results of subjective ratings can also be provided for mobile display manufacturers to improve the product quality so that their products can meet customers' requirements.     

Motivation and performance: Uncertainty regulation in Canada and Japan

In a field study involving university students from Canada and Japan, we tested hypotheses from the theory of uncertainty orientation (Sorrentino and Roney in The uncertain mind: Individual differences in facing the unknown. Psychology Press, Philadelphia 2000). Consistent with previous research, those possessing an uncertainty orientation that matched their culture’s predominant style of uncertainty regulation perceived a better student-classroom fit than those who did not match their culture’s predominant style of uncertainty regulation. More importantly, we predicted and found that actual course grades varied as a function of the culture’s style of uncertainty regulation in interaction with the participant’s uncertainty orientation and achievement-related motives. Implications of these findings and applied relevance are discussed.     

急性脑干梗死的治疗进展

脑干梗死为脑梗死中较为少见的一种,病死率和残疾率均较其他部位高。近年来,随着医学的不断发展,尤其是循证医学证据的增多,急性脑干梗死的治疗方法有了许多新的进步。本文就近年来国内外急性脑干梗死治疗方面的最新进展进行综合性介绍,内容涉及静脉溶栓、动脉溶栓、动静脉联合溶栓、超声辅助溶栓、抗血小板治疗、抗凝治疗、脑保护治疗、卒中单元等,以期为-临床医生的治疗决策提供参考。     

情绪状态对大学生条件推理的影响

采用不同情绪效价的电影片断诱发大学生不同的情绪,并运用眼动仪器记录条件推理的过程和结果,探讨了不同情绪状态对条件推理的影响状况。实验采用3（情绪组别：积极情绪、消极情绪、中性情绪）×4（推理形式：MP、DA、AC、MT）的混合实验设计。研究结果发现,中性情绪状态下的条件推理成绩显著地高于积极和消极情绪状态,结果支持抑制假说。     

从基督教伦理看自由经济主义及金融危机

基督教伦理强调关爱,尤其是关心贫穷人及社会上有特别需要的弱势社群。因此基督教群体在历史上曾积极推动政府制定一些社会福利及经济政策,以确保社会上弱小社群的基本需要得到保障。这些思想和行动,与强调私利及政府不干预政策的自由经济主义看似矛盾,以致不少人忽略了其伦理思想曾在自由经济主义的发展过程中发挥过一定的作用。但另一方面,自由经济主义发展至今,只顾个人利益而罔顾他人及社会的得失,个人的贪婪导致殃及全球的金融危机,亦受到基督教人士广泛的批评。基督教伦理思想对自由及公平的定义、对私有制的看法,以及基督教学者和教会领袖对自由经济主义下产生的金融危机的批判,对解决自由经济主义发展中出现的问题具有启迪意义。     

Validating age-related functional imaging changes in verbal working memory with acute stroke

Functional imaging studies consistently find that older adults recruit bilateral brain regions in cognitive tasks that are strongly lateralized in younger adults, a characterization known as the Hemispheric Asymmetry Reduction in Older Adults model. While functional imaging displays what brain areas are active during tasks, it cannot demonstrate what brain regions are necessary for task performance. We used behavioral data from acute stroke patients to test the hypothesis that older adults need both hemispheres for a verbal working memory task that is predominantly left-lateralized in younger adults. Right-handed younger (age ? 50, n = 7) and older adults (age > 50, n =21) with acute unilateral stroke, as well as younger (n =6) and older (n =13) transient ischemic attack (TIA) patients, performed a self-paced verbal item-recognition task. Older patients with stroke to either hemisphere had a higher frequency of deficits in the verbal working memory task compared to older TIA patients. Additionally, the deficits in older stroke patients were mainly in retrieval time while the deficits in younger stroke patients were mainly in accuracy. These data suggest that bihemispheric activity is necessary for older adults to successfully perform a verbal working memory task.     

早期基督教习俗中的异教因素

随着基督教的成功崛起,许多异教习俗不是被完全抛弃,而是被逐渐地改造成为基督教习俗。基督徒的许多葬俗,都可以从异教世界的相关习俗中找到原型;基督徒的梦幻和异像,与异教梦兆密切相关;基督徒的许多重要节庆,也可以溯源到希腊罗马世界乃至遥远的东方。基督教习俗虽然与异教习俗有着千丝万缕的历史联系,但它绝不是后者的简单翻新,它在采用后者的某些形式的同时,必然也要赋予其全新的内容。早期基督教对异教习俗的广泛吸纳,说明了文化包容正是该教的一大显著特征。