提高小学四年级学生情绪胜任力的干预研究

基于将情绪、认知和行为发展相整合的理念,试图通过团体干预活动,提高小学生的情绪胜任力。结果表明,6个系列干预活动能够有效提高小学四年级学生的情绪词汇量、情绪识别能力和情绪调节能力。团体内同伴提名和教师访谈显示,干预活动有助于促进学生的积极心境、自我控制能力和亲社会社交能力的发展,有助于减少攻击、同伴拒绝等适应不良行为。     

中学生师生关系的结构、类型及其发展特点

选取319名初一至高三学生作为被试,主要采用问卷法,考察中学生师生关系的结构、类型及其发展特点。结果表明：（1）师生关系结构具有冲突性、依恋性、亲密性和回避性四个维度;（2）师生关系类型包括矛盾冲突型、亲密和谐型和疏远平淡型三种类型;（3）师生关系各维度不存在显著性别差异,但存在显著年级差异,师生关系质量随年级升高呈波浪式下降趋势,初一学生的师生关系最好,初二和高二学生的师生关系最不理想;（4）师生关系各类型的人数比例存在显著年级差异。     

Attitudes toward seeking professional psychological help among Chinese students at a UK university

Aim: In this study we aimed to investigate whether Chinese international and British home students at a university in the United Kingdom differed in their attitudes towards seeking psychological help. Method: The total sample comprised 323 participants. Participants completed measures to assess their attitudes toward seeking professional psychological help (recognition of need for psychological help, stigma tolerance, interpersonal openness, confidence in mental health practitioners). Results: Chinese students reported significantly less interpersonal openness than that reported by British students. Contrary to prediction, however, no significant group differences were found on any of the other mental health attitudes (i.e. recognition of need for psychological help, confidence in mental health practitioners or stigma tolerance). Within‐group contrasts also showed that Chinese students reported lower scores on interpersonal openness than on stigma tolerance and confidence in mental health practitioners. In contrast, British participants reported less confidence in mental health practitioners and recognition of the need for psychological help than reported for stigma tolerance and interpersonal openness. Conclusion: The findings highlight the need for a greater understanding of students' cultural inclinations toward mental health issues and cultural attitudes that may hinder and/or facilitate students' access and engagement with psychological services in higher education institutions.     

大学生德性自我意象演练的教育干预实验

以149名大学生为对象、运用三种方法进行了为期八周每周三学时的道德教育现场实验,考察了自我意象演练、榜样示范、移情训练三种方法对德性自我意象、对道德行为自我管理的影响,结果表明三种方法均能产生积极作用,但自我意象演练的效果尤为显著,进而对自我意象演练方法的有效性及其机制进行了探讨,可以认为该方法是一种能够有效提高大学生的德性自我意象之水平和道德行为自我管理之能力的道德教育方法。     

不同心理弹性大学生在有或无应激情景下的注意偏向特点

采用点探测实验范式,考察不同心理弹性水平大学生在有或无应激情景下的注意偏向特点。采用中国版Connor-Davidson心理弹性量表从450名被试中筛选出19名高分组被试和20名低分组被试,将被试随机分入有应激情景或无应激情景两种实验情景下进行实验。结果表明：（1）高心理弹性组被试的注意偏向分显著高于低心理弹性组;（2）高心理弹性组被试在无应激情景下对低应激词表现出注意警觉,低心理弹性组被试在无应激情景下对高应激词表现出注意回避。     

Self-disclosure among bloggers: re-examination of social penetration theory

Based on Social Penetration theory, this study explores the topics that bloggers disclose on their blogs, and in the real world. A total of 1,027 Taiwanese bloggers participated in this online survey, which revealed that bloggers self-disclosed nine topics (attitude, body, money, work, feelings, personal, interests, experiences, and unclassified). Further, we examined the depth and width of what bloggers self-disclosed to three target audiences (online audience, best friend, and parents), confirming that their disclosure is significantly different for each of these target audiences. Bloggers seemingly express themselves to their best friends the most, followed by parents and online audiences, both in depth and in width. The "wedge model," proposed by Altman and Taylor (1973), has been extended to online relationships in this study. In comparison to male bloggers, female bloggers seemed to disclose more to their best friends and parents in their daily lives; however, no significant difference was observed in their disclosure to online audiences. Younger bloggers (<20 years old) seemed to disclose a wider range of topics; however, there was no significant difference in the depth of their disclosure on their blogs. Discussions of these results are also presented.     

Latent variable selection in multidimensional item response theory models using the expectation model selection algorithm

The aim of latent variable selection in multidimensional item response theory (MIRT) models is to identify latent traits probed by test items of a multidimensional test. In this paper the expectation model selection (EMS) algorithm proposed by Jiang et al. (2015) is applied to minimize the Bayesian information criterion (BIC) for latent variable selection in MIRT models with a known number of latent traits. Under mild assumptions, we prove the numerical convergence of the EMS algorithm for model selection by minimizing the BIC of observed data in the presence of missing data. For the identification of MIRT models, we assume that the variances of all latent traits are unity and each latent trait has an item that is only related to it. Under this identifiability assumption, the convergence of the EMS algorithm for latent variable selection in the multidimensional two-parameter logistic (M2PL) models can be verified. We give an efficient implementation of the EMS for the M2PL models. Simulation studies show that the EMS outperforms the EM-based L₁ regularization in terms of correctly selected latent variables and computation time. The EMS algorithm is applied to a real data set related to the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire.     

选择性注意对行人觉察有声信号灯的影响

为考察选择性注意如何影响行人整合交通信号中的多感觉加工优势,研究采用线索—靶子范式,操控交通信号类型(视觉/传统视觉信号灯、听觉、视听觉/有声信号灯)和信号呈现位置(线索化位置、非线索化位置)两个变量,分析被试对视觉、听觉、视听觉三类刺激的反应时和正确率,并通过对相对多感觉反应增强值(rMRE)和竞争模型(race model)的计算,对多感觉加工优势效应进行量化。结果发现:有声信号灯能够产生多感觉加工优势,选择性注意会减弱有声信号灯的多感觉加工优势。该研究结果为有声信号灯的设置提供了理论依据,且提示应当避免在环境中设置容易引起行人选择性注意的设施。