完善兴荣抑耻机制加强大学生思想道德教育

胡锦涛同志关于社会主义荣辱观的重要论述,树立了社会风尚的道德标杆,对新形势下加强高校思想道德教育具有重要的理论意义与现实意义.\"八荣八耻\"为当代大学生指明了成长的方向,对促进校园文化建设和良好社会风尚的形成提供了有力保障.高校应以\"八荣八耻\"教育为着力点,帮助大学生全面提高思想道德素质.     

中学生感知到的数学教师支持问卷的编制

采用理论分析和开放式问卷调查等方法提出中学生感知到的数学教师支持的基本结构并编制问卷项目。先以302名中学生为被试,对自编初始问卷进行预测,结果显示,中学生感知到的数学教师支持问卷包括情感支持、自主支持和认知支持3个维度。再对347名中学生正式施测,进行信度和验证性因素分析,结果显示,总问卷α系数为0.92,三个维度α系数在0.75~0.89之间,验证性因素分析各项拟合指标较为理想,具有较好的结构效度。因此,编制的问卷具有较好的信效度,是测量中学生感知到的数学教师支持的有效工具。     

Shared dialect group identity,leader–member exchange and self‐disclosure in vertical dyads: Do members react similarly?

Drawing upon social identity and status characteristic theories, we examine the reactions of vertical dyad members to shared dialect group identity in Taiwan. Supervisors and subordinates in 179 vertical dyads independently reported their dialect group identity and their perceptions of leader–member exchange (LMX) and self‐disclosure. Results indicate that subordinates reported a more positive LMX with, and greater self‐disclosure to, supervisors who shared their dialect group identity. Supervisors reported greater self‐disclosure to subordinates with the same dialect group identity, but not a more positive LMX. We also discuss implications for organizational demography theory and research.     

小学儿童认知发展的个体差异研究

使用皮亚杰经典任务探查了小学一、三、五年级儿童的认知发展以及发展的个体间差异和个体内差异。结果表明随着年级的升高,儿童的具体运算思维能力从一年级到三年级发展迅速,到五年级时达到比较稳定的水平;同时,形式运算思维能力在一年级已经萌芽并逐步发展。不管在具体运算任务还是形式运算任务,各年级儿童都表现出显着的个体间差异和个体内差异。这些发现对教育和临床心理都有重要的意义。     

Phosphorylated nerve growth factor-induced clone B (NGFI-B) translocates from the nucleus to mitochondria of stressed rat cardiomyocytes and induces apoptosis

Stress induces cardiac dysfunction and cardiomyocyte injury, and while current data indicate that mitochondria play a key role in this process, the mechanisms remain unknown. In this study, we found that in rats, restraint stress induced nerve growth factor-induced clone B (NGFI-B) translocation from the nucleus to mitochondria in cardiomyocytes. This translocation promoted cytochrome c release from mitochondria to the cytoplasm, which ultimately resulted in cardiomyocyte apoptosis. We also found that stress induced oversecretion of glucocorticoids and activated the protein kinase A (PKA) pathway in cardiomyocytes. Enhanced PKA activity increased NGFI-B serine phosphorylation, which caused NGFI-B to translocate from the nucleus to mitochondria. Moreover, a PKA peptide inhibitor blocked NGFI-B serine phosphorylation and translocation. Our data demonstrate that stress affects cardiomyocytes by inducing NGFI-B mitochondrial translocation via serine phosphorylation, which in turn initiates mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis.     

记者博客——传统媒体影响力的延伸

今天博客的高度繁荣发展从侧面反映了互联网发生的新变化,博客的出现推动互联网进入了2.0时代.随着网民博客规模和影响力的不断扩张,传统媒介正在越来越深刻地感受到博客给他们造成的冲击和影响.尽管在可以预见的未来,博客要彻底颠覆和替代传统媒体的影响力还不大可能,但是如何积极、科学地应对这种影响已成为当前传统媒体亟待解决的问题.在这个过程当中记者博客对于提升传统媒体影响力能够发挥积极的作用.     

小学生羞怯特质预测及语言风格模型构建

收集在线教学平台上1306名小学生的作文、日记及评论, 采用自然语言处理技术进行文本分析, 并应用机器学习模型实现对羞怯特质的自动预测, 构建小学生羞怯行为、认知和情绪的语言风格模型。研究发现：(1)扩充的心理词典适合分析小学生文本; (2)分别存在羞怯行为、认知和情绪问题的学生其日常用语既有共性也有特性, 且与普通学生存在差异; (3)羞怯各维度在不同分类器上达到较好的预测效果, 其中随机森林模型的整体表现相对最好。     

How humans react to changing rewards during visual foraging

Much is known about the speed and accuracy of search in single-target search tasks, but less attention has been devoted to understanding search in multiple-target foraging tasks. These tasks raise and answer important questions about how individuals decide to terminate searches in cases in which the number of targets in each display is unknown. Even when asked to find every target, individuals quit before exhaustively searching a display. Because a failure to notice targets can have profound effects (e.g., missing a malignant tumor in an X-ray), it is important to develop strategies that could limit such errors. Here, we explored the impact of different reward patterns on these failures. In the Neutral condition, reward for finding a target was constant over time. In the Increasing condition, reward increased for each successive target in a display, penalizing early departure from a display. In the Decreasing condition, reward decreased for each successive target in a display. The experimental results demonstrate that observers will forage for longer (and find more targets) when the value of successive targets increases (and the opposite when value decreases). The data indicate that observers were learning to utilize knowledge of the reward pattern and to forage optimally over the course of the experiment. Simulation results further revealed that human behavior could be modeled with a variant of Charnov’s Marginal Value Theorem (MVT) (Charnov, 1976) that includes roles for reward and learning.     

当代中国性伦理面临的挑战

一 随着我国市场经济的发展和改革开放的不断深入,近20年来,在对待性的态度上,人们的观念和行为发生了很大的变化.这种变化具体而鲜明地反映在人们日常的性交往和性活动之中.面对我国当前的性问题现状,相关的科研、教育等各部门各领域的专家学者都纷纷参与进来,展开讨论、发表意见,以期准确把握我国新形势下的性现状和未来的发展趋势.其中,社会学工作者的调查研究成果引人注目,为人们了解现状、全面反思提供了基本的素材.仅2004年就有<性爱十年--全国大学生性行为的追踪调查>(潘绥铭、杨蕊著,社会科学文献出版社)和<中国校园性观念调查--一份来自中国高校的性观念调查报告>(紫薇、左桐编著,民族出版社)等著作问世.