虚拟团队理论研究及其发展趋势

本文对近几年来有关虚拟团队产生的背景、基本理论研究思路、研究现状及其未来研究的发展趋势作了初步讨论。文章的主要结论是：对虚拟团队的理论研究正在从静态的、横向的、宏观的层次,向更为动态的、纵向的、微观的层次深入;将更加关注虚拟团队运作机制的研究;将更加关注电子商务背景下的项目虚拟团队;将更多的采用较为系统的现场和实验室研究的方法;将更加注重虚拟团队过程绩效的评估。     

当代中国性伦理面临的挑战

一 随着我国市场经济的发展和改革开放的不断深入,近20年来,在对待性的态度上,人们的观念和行为发生了很大的变化.这种变化具体而鲜明地反映在人们日常的性交往和性活动之中.面对我国当前的性问题现状,相关的科研、教育等各部门各领域的专家学者都纷纷参与进来,展开讨论、发表意见,以期准确把握我国新形势下的性现状和未来的发展趋势.其中,社会学工作者的调查研究成果引人注目,为人们了解现状、全面反思提供了基本的素材.仅2004年就有<性爱十年--全国大学生性行为的追踪调查>(潘绥铭、杨蕊著,社会科学文献出版社)和<中国校园性观念调查--一份来自中国高校的性观念调查报告>(紫薇、左桐编著,民族出版社)等著作问世.     

初中生数学家庭作业质量、控制感与作业情绪对作业努力的影响

采用问卷调查法,以 463 名初中生为被试,探讨了初中生感知到的数学家庭作业质量、控制感和家庭作业情绪影响家庭作业努力的内在作用机制。结果发现：(1)积极数学家庭作业情绪和消极数学家庭作业情绪均在数学家庭作业质量和数学家庭作业努力之间起完全中介作用;(2)数学家庭作业质量可以通过数学控制感分别经积极和消极数学家庭作业情绪的多重中介来预测数学家庭作业努力。研究表明,初中生感知到的数学家庭作业质量、控制感和家庭作业情绪均是其家庭作业努力的重要影响因素。     

How humans react to changing rewards during visual foraging

Much is known about the speed and accuracy of search in single-target search tasks, but less attention has been devoted to understanding search in multiple-target foraging tasks. These tasks raise and answer important questions about how individuals decide to terminate searches in cases in which the number of targets in each display is unknown. Even when asked to find every target, individuals quit before exhaustively searching a display. Because a failure to notice targets can have profound effects (e.g., missing a malignant tumor in an X-ray), it is important to develop strategies that could limit such errors. Here, we explored the impact of different reward patterns on these failures. In the Neutral condition, reward for finding a target was constant over time. In the Increasing condition, reward increased for each successive target in a display, penalizing early departure from a display. In the Decreasing condition, reward decreased for each successive target in a display. The experimental results demonstrate that observers will forage for longer (and find more targets) when the value of successive targets increases (and the opposite when value decreases). The data indicate that observers were learning to utilize knowledge of the reward pattern and to forage optimally over the course of the experiment. Simulation results further revealed that human behavior could be modeled with a variant of Charnov’s Marginal Value Theorem (MVT) (Charnov, 1976) that includes roles for reward and learning.     

未成年人内隐攻击性特征的实验研究

以不同性质的词组为实验材料,以偏好组词为测量方法,随机抽取136名初一学生,采用被试内设计来探讨内隐状态下未成年人在不同攻击类型倾向性上的差异及其与性别间的关系。结果表明:偏好组词法测量内隐攻击性的有效性;未成年人同样存在明显的内隐攻击性;在内隐状态下,个体的身体攻击倾向性显著高于语言攻击倾向性并且具有较高的性别一致性。     

论李维汉的宗教观

李维汉的宗教观是他参加革命以后,立足并服务于中国革命和建设的全局,特别是在领导中国共产党的统一战线工作的实践过程中逐步形成和发展起来的。他的宗教观包含丰富的内容,涉及宗教和宗教问题的基本理论以及正确处理中国宗教问题的基本原则,构成了一个比较完整的体系,是马列主义宗教观与中国宗教国情正确结合的产物,是马列主义宗教观中国化的重要成果。特别是关于社会主义时期宗教问题的思想,创造性地丰富和发展了毛泽东思想的宗教观,在很大程度上构成了党和国家宗教工作的理论依据,在中国化的马克思主义宗教观发展史上占有重要历史地位。     

小学生羞怯特质预测及语言风格模型构建

收集在线教学平台上1306名小学生的作文、日记及评论, 采用自然语言处理技术进行文本分析, 并应用机器学习模型实现对羞怯特质的自动预测, 构建小学生羞怯行为、认知和情绪的语言风格模型。研究发现：(1)扩充的心理词典适合分析小学生文本; (2)分别存在羞怯行为、认知和情绪问题的学生其日常用语既有共性也有特性, 且与普通学生存在差异; (3)羞怯各维度在不同分类器上达到较好的预测效果, 其中随机森林模型的整体表现相对最好。     

Sex differences in navigation strategy and efficiency

Research on human navigation has indicated that males and females differ in self-reported navigation strategy as well as objective measures of navigation efficiency. In two experiments, we investigated sex differences in navigation strategy and efficiency using an objective measure of strategy, the dual-solution paradigm (DSP; Marchette, Bakker, & Shelton, 2011). Although navigation by shortcuts and learned routes were the primary strategies used in both experiments, as in previous research on the DSP, individuals also utilized route reversals and sometimes found the goal location as a result of wandering. Importantly, sex differences were found in measures of both route selection and navigation efficiency. In particular, males were more likely to take shortcuts and reached their goal location faster than females, while females were more likely to follow learned routes and wander. Self-report measures of strategy were only weakly correlated with objective measures of strategy, casting doubt on their usefulness. This research indicates that the sex difference in navigation efficiency is large, and only partially related to an individual’s navigation strategy as measured by the dual-solution paradigm.     

Electrically-manipulable spin filter based on a novel magnetic nanostructure

In order to achieve a controllable spin-polarized source, we have applied a transverse electric field to a spin filter based on a novel magnetic nanostructure with zero average magnetic field. We have analytically calculated the transmission coefficient, conductance and spin polarization for electrons to transit the device in the presence of a transverse electric field. The results demonstrate that the transmission, the conductance and the spin polarization vary sensitively with the electric field. It is shown that the performance of the spin filter can be manipulated expediently by adjusting the transverse electric field. Thus, the spin filter can be utilized as an electrically controllable spin-polarized source for spintronics applications.