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Does peace have a prayer? The effect of mortality salience, compassionate values, and religious fundamentalism on hostility toward out-groups 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Zachary K. Rothschild 《Journal of experimental social psychology》2009,45(4):816-827
Religious fundamentalism has been shown to be associated with higher levels of prejudice, ethnocentrism, and militarism, in spite of the compassionate values promoted by the religious faiths that most fundamentalists believe in. Based on terror management theory, we hypothesized that priming these compassionate values would encourage a shift toward less support for violent solutions to the current Middle Eastern conflict, especially when they are combined with reminders of one’s mortality. Study 1 demonstrated that among Americans, religious fundamentalism was associated with greater support for extreme military interventions, except when participants were reminded of their mortality and primed with compassionate religious values. The combination of mortality salience and compassionate religious values led to significant decreases in support for such interventions among high but not low fundamentalists. Study 2 replicated this finding and showed that it depends on the association of the compassionate values with an authoritative religious source; presentation of these values in a secular context had no effect on fundamentalists. Study 3 replicated these effects in a sample of Iranian Shiite Muslims: although a reminder of death increased anti-Western attitudes among participants primed with secular compassionate values, it decreased anti-Western attitudes among those primed with compassionate values from the Koran. 相似文献
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Rajeev Ramchand PhD Lynsay Ayer PhD Lily Geyer BA Aaron Kofner MS MA 《Suicide & life-threatening behavior》2016,46(1):35-45
We surveyed 868 Army chaplains and 410 chaplain assistants (CAs) about their role in identifying, caring for, and referring soldiers at risk of suicide to behavioral health care. We applied structural equation modeling to identify how behaviors and attitudes related to intervention behavior. In both samples, reluctance and stigma were related to intervention behaviors; efficacy was correlated with intervention behaviors only among chaplains. Training was associated with increased efficacy and lower levels of stigma among chaplains. Improved training may be warranted, but research needs to identify why chaplains and CAs are reluctant to refer soldiers in distress to behavioral health care. 相似文献
65.
Lily C Huang 《Journal of mathematical psychology》1975,12(4):437-448
The nonsimple conjoint measurement model examined in this paper maps each (a1, a2, a3) in A1 × A2 × A3 into ω1(a1)φ2(a2) + ω2(a1)φ3(a3), where each of ω1, ω2, φ2, and φ3 is a real-valued function, so as to preserve a binary relation ≥ on A1 × A2 × A3 by ≧ in the numerical system.The principle structure of the present model is similar to the structure of the simple models. But in the nonsimple model, we define two different identity elements of A1 for its different multiplicative effects on the other two components A2 and A3, whereas in the simple model, one identity element for each component is defined. 相似文献
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The American Journal of Psychoanalysis - 相似文献
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Whether visual search involves two distinct processes—traditionally referred to as serial and parallel— or a single process
operating on a continuum of efficiency or speed, is an issue with a long history in the study of attention. On the basis of
the unimodality of search slope distributions in a very large data set, Wolfe (1998) argued for a continuum model. Reanalysis
of this data set using statistical procedures more appropriate for adjudicating between continuous and discontinuous models
supports the existence of two distinct processes. 相似文献
70.
Comparison of two self-report instruments for assessing binge eating in bariatric surgery candidates
Elder KA Grilo CM Masheb RM Rothschild BS Burke-Martindale CH Brody ML 《Behaviour research and therapy》2006,44(4):545-560
This study compared two self-report methods for assessing binge eating in severely obese bariatric surgery candidates. Participants were 249 gastric bypass candidates who completed the Questionnaire on Eating and Weight Patterns-Revised (QEWP-R) and the Eating Disorder Examination-Questionnaire (EDE-Q) prior to surgery. Participants were classified by binge eating status (i.e., no or recurrent binge eating) with each of the measures. The degree of agreement was examined, as well as the relationship between binge eating and measures of convergent validity. The two measures identified a similar number of patients with recurrent binge eating (i.e., at least 1 binge/week); however, overlap was modest (kappa=.26). Agreement on twice weekly binge eating was poor (kappa=.05). The QEWP-R and EDE-Q both identified clinically meaningful groups of binge eaters. The EDE-Q appeared to differentiate between non/infrequent bingers and recurrent bingers better than the QEWP-R, based on measures of convergent validity. In addition, the EDE-Q demonstrated an advantage because it identified binge eaters with elevated weight and shape overconcern. Using the self-report measures concurrently did not improve identification of binge eating in this study. More work is needed to determine the construct validity and clinical utility of these measures with gastric bypass patients. 相似文献