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161.
Lillian T. Eby Tammy D. Allen Carrie L. Noble Angie L. Lockwood 《Journal of applied social psychology》2004,34(7):1329-1352
Two hundred forty undergraduates rated their perceptions of an individual for a job requiring relocation using a 2 × 3 (Gender: Single Male, Single Female × Child: No Child, 3‐Year‐Old, 6‐Year‐Old) between‐subjects experimental design. Findings indicate that single parents are perceived as having a more difficult time adjusting to a move but are also perceived to be more mature than childless singles. Single parents are also more likely to be offered a job that did not require relocation and are more likely to be awarded a merit‐based stipend than childless singles. Support was also found for the hypothesized mediating role of perceptions of adjustment and maturity in understanding actions taken toward single parents. The results are discussed in terms of implications for future research and applied practice. 相似文献
162.
中国传统文化的主干向称儒、释、道三家(或称三教).自汉魏以来,史家多以"道家"一名混称老、庄之道家与张陵之道教.而"道学"一名既可指称"黄老之学",又为"宋明理学"之代名词.近世以来,学术界引入西学的概念,严格区分"哲学"(Philosophy)的道家与宗教(Reli-gion)的道教.而另外又有以"道学"之名涵盖"道家之学"者.而自19世纪以来,西方汉学界又以英文之Taoism或法文之taoisme统称中国的"道家"与"道教".于是,"道家"、"道教"与"道学"名称的内涵界定与使用范围遂成为学术界多年以来致力探讨的重要问题.本文拟从宗教文化与历史学的角度,通过考察道家思想衍变发展的五个历史阶段,即先秦老子之学与庄子之学,秦汉黄老之学,魏晋玄学,隋唐道教重玄学与宋元道教内丹心性学,来探索"道家"、"道教"与"道学"的内在联系与区别.笔者主张,"道家"一词可作两种不同的理解:一种是狭义的"道家"概念,就是确指自先秦老、庄之学,秦汉黄老之学至魏晋玄学的道家学术流派;另一种是广义的"道家"概念,就是既包括原来先秦自魏晋的"道家"学术流派,也包括东汉以后创立的中国本土宗教"道教".这样,既对现代学科意义上的哲学的"道家"与宗教的"道教"作出了明确的区分,更为重要的是表明了我们尊重自身文化传统的学术立场.至于"道学"的名称,笔者认为无论从历史的层面还是现实的层面都易于与原有的文化现象"理学"发生混淆,为学术长远计虑,使用似宜慎之. 相似文献
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Video game addiction in children and teenagers in Taiwan is associated with levels of animosity, social skills, and academic achievement. This study suggests that video game addiction can be statistically predicted on measures of hostility, and a group with high video game addiction has more hostility than others. Both gender and video game addiction are negatively associated with academic achievement. Family function, sensation seeking, gender, and boredom have statistically positive relationships with levels of social skills. Current models of video game addiction do not seem to fit the findings of this study. 相似文献
166.
The 'double identity' of Taiwanese as both Chinese and Taiwanese identity was measured among both general and student samples using categorical and continuous measures. As predicted, Mingnan (native province) Taiwanese were higher in Taiwanese identity whereas outside-province Taiwanese were higher in Chinese identity. Both groups shared similar representations of the history of Taiwan, but evaluations of leaders followed patterns of in-group favoritism. These representations of history were used to predict and find zero correlations between Chinese and Taiwanese identity. Taiwanese and Chinese identities were mutually compatible in cultural domains, and mediated the effect of demographic group. However, in issues concerning politicized allocation decisions (and language), Taiwanese and Chinese identity worked in opposite directions, and demographic group (and a critical evaluation of an historical leader) were significant even after controlling for identity. Implications for social identity theory, realistic group conflict theory, and the cross-straits relationship are discussed. 相似文献
167.
高校青年教师心理健康及团体心理训练设计研究 总被引:19,自引:0,他引:19
随着高校青年教师的比例日益上升。高校青年教师的心理健康问题必须予以足够的重视。本研究采用临床症状自评量表(SCL-90)和艾森克个性问卷(EPQ)对高校青年教师心理健康状况进行调查.结果显示高校青年教师主要存在的问题表现在生理与心理问题、人际关系问题、心理压力问题、情绪稳定性问题等四方面。依据高校青年教师的心理特点及其现状。其团体心理训练的主要内容有改善心智模式训练、情绪管理训练、意志力训练、人格魅力训练、人际沟通训练、缓解压力训练、适应与发展训练、身心保健训练等.主要的训练方法是团体讨论和角色扮演。 相似文献
168.
Recent research has shown that visual stimuli can influence cognitive control functions, even if subjects are unaware of the identity of the stimuli. However, in those previous studies, subjects actively attended to the location of the subliminal stimuli. Here we assessed the role of endogenous spatial attention in such paradigms. We required subjects to quickly prepare for one of two numerical judgment tasks on the basis of the direction of motion in patches of moving dots presented in cued spatial locations. We found that irrelevant motion patches presented in the uncued spatial locations also influenced task performance. Motion in the uncued patches was weak and did not affect the perception of the cued patches. Further analyses suggested that the effect of priming by the uncued stimuli was present even for subjects who could only discriminate such stimuli at chance level. Three additional experiments confirmed that subjects paid minimal attention to the uncued locations, in that the subjects could not perform simple discriminations of conjunctions of features in those locations. 相似文献
169.
Three-quarters of a century ago Gestalt psychologist Kurt Koffka described a remarkable effect: when a contiguous gray ring is placed on a background half one shade of gray, half another, the ring appears homogeneous. However, if the ring is divided, the two halves of the ring appear different shades of gray, the half of the ring on the darker background appearing lighter than the half of the ring on the lighter background. The Gestalt principle of continuity is used to explain this effect. But what microscopic principles might be mediating this effect? Recently we found sufficiently thin rings (annuli) appear heterogeneous even when geometrically continuous. Here, using crescent-shaped figures instead of the circular annuli used for the traditional Koffka effect, we show that this effect of thickness of the ring is mediated by the thickness at the boundary of the region where the halves of the figure are joined. 相似文献
170.
A model of gestural sequencing in speech is proposed that aspires to producing biologically plausible fluent and efficient movement in generating an utterance. We have previously proposed a modification of the well‐known task dynamic implementation of articulatory phonology such that any given articulatory movement can be associated with a quantification of effort ( Simko & Cummins, 2010 ). To this we add a quantitative cost that decreases as speech gestures become more precise, and hence intelligible, and a third cost component that places a premium on the duration of an utterance. Together, these three cost elements allow us to derive algorithmically optimal sequences of gestures and dynamical parameters for generating articulator movement. We show that the optimized movement displays many timing characteristics that are representative of real speech movement, capturing subtle details of relative timing between gestures. Optimal movement sequences also display invariances in timing that suggest syllable‐level coordination for CV sequences. We explore the behavior of the model as prosodic context is manipulated in two dimensions: clarity of articulation and speech rate. Smooth, fluid, and efficient movements result. 相似文献