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161.
Many reports show that spatial relations between and within objects show differences in hemispheric lateralization. Coordinate,
metric relations concerning distances are processed with a right-hemisphere advantage, whereas a left-hemisphere advantage
is thought to be related to categorical, abstract relations (Kosslyn, 1987). Kemmerer and Tranel (2000) argued that the left-hemisphere
advantage for categorical processing might apply only for verbal spatial categories, however, whereas a right-hemisphere advantage
is related to visuospatial categories. To test this idea, we examined categorical processing for stimuli in both verbal and
visuospatial formats, with a visual half-field, match-to-sample design. In Experiment 1, we manipulated the format of the
second stimulus to compare response patterns for both verbal and visuospatial stimuli. In Experiment 2, we varied the expectancy
of the format of the second stimulus, allowing for an assessment of strategy use. The results showed that a left-hemisphere
advantage was related to verbal stimulus format only, but not in all conditions. A right-hemisphere advantage was found only
with a visuospatial expectancy, visuospatial format, and brief interval. The theory we present to explain these results proposes
that the lateralization related to basic categorical processing can be strongly influenced by verbal characteristics and,
to some extent, by additional coordinate processing. The lateralization measured in such cases does not represent lateralization
related purely to categorical processing, but to these additional effects as well. This stresses the importance of careful
task and stimulus design when examining categorical processing in order to reduce the influence of those additional processes. 相似文献
162.
The relation between subtypes of maltreatment and dimensions of personality and personality pathology was investigated in a representative sample of 142 incarcerated Dutch male juveniles. Normal personality dimensions were assessed with the Big Five Inventory, the Dimensional Assessment of Personality Pathology-Basic Questionnaire for Adolescents was used to measure pathological personality dimensions, and the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire was used to assess childhood maltreatment. The five maltreatment subtypes were found to be differentially and uniquely related to the normal and pathological personality dimensions in juvenile delinquents. The association between the abusive subtypes and Emotional Dysregulation depended on the co-occurrence of neglect. It was concluded that subtypes of maltreatment are distinctively related to dimensions of personality and personality pathology, possibly due to specific gene-environment interactions. Further research on this interplay is needed to be able to recognize genetic vulnerability. Early identification of children at risk could aid to limit the long-term consequences of maltreatment. 相似文献
163.
Janice Lillian Zeman Michael Cassano Cynthia Suveg Kimberly Shipman 《Journal of child and family studies》2010,19(4):381-392
We investigated the psychometric properties of a new instrument, the Children’s Worry Management Scale (CWMS). The CWMS has
three subscales that specify methods of regulating worry: inhibition (the suppression of worry), dysregulation (exaggerated
displays of worry), and coping (constructive ways of managing worry). Using a Caucasian, middle-class sample of 214 children
(M = 9 years, 1 month), Study 1 provides reliability and validity data through patterns of correlations to parent- and child-completed
measures of emotion management and behavioral problems. Internal consistencies range from .69 to .74. Study 2 establishes
discriminant validity by demonstrating that the CWMS Dysregulation and Coping subscales differentiated, in the expected directions,
between a group of children (n = 27) with DSM-IV anxiety diagnoses and a control group of children with no psychological disorders. 相似文献
164.
Two studies examined the relative importance of good versus bad mentoring experiences in predicting subjective states associated with the mentoring relationship. Study 1 examined the protégé perspective and found general support for the proposition that, on average, bad is stronger than good in predicting protégé outcomes. Study 2 adopted the mentor perspective and found mixed support for the prediction that, on average, bad is stronger than good. The results are discussed in terms of advancing research and theory on the relational processes associated with mentoring in the workplace and the need to consider the relational context to more fully understand the relative predictive power of good and bad mentoring experiences. 相似文献
165.
Jennifer L. Buchholz Jonathan S. Abramowitz Shannon M. Blakey Lillian Reuman Michael P. Twohig 《Behavior Therapy》2019,50(3):672-681
Symptom reduction over the course of cognitive-behavioral therapy is not always distributed evenly across sessions. Some individuals experience a sudden gain, defined as a large, rapid, and stable decrease in symptoms during treatment. Although research documents a link between sudden gains and treatment for depression and anxiety, findings in the context of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) treatment are mixed. The present study investigated the relationship between sudden gains and treatment outcome in 44 adults with OCD and addressed limitations of previous studies by measuring OCD symptoms dimensionally and comparing individuals who experience sudden gains to those who experience gradual gains of similar magnitude. Sudden gains were observed among 27% of participants, with highest rates among individuals with primary contamination symptoms. Participants who experienced a sudden gain had greater OCD symptom reductions at posttreatment (but not at follow-up), and this difference did not persist after controlling for gain magnitude. Thus, the importance of sudden gains during OCD treatment may be limited. Findings are discussed in light of inhibitory learning models of cognitive-behavioral therapy. 相似文献
166.
167.
Michael W. Davidson William G. Wagner Lillian M. Range 《Suicide & life-threatening behavior》1995,25(3):410-414
Though no-suicide agreements are widely used and often recommended for suicidal patients, their sparse empirical support leads to questions regarding their use with patients of various ages. To answer this question, 46 licensed psychologist members of a Southern state psychology association answered questions regarding their beliefs and attitudes about no-suicide agreements. Such agreements were considered more appropriate for adults or adolescents than children. They were judged highly appropriate with moderately suicidal patients and were expected to help patients postpone suicide until after a crisis had past and to help reduce clinicians' anxiety. 相似文献
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