生存论转向与马克思的实践哲学

生存论转向是在清理当代哲学的主题转换及其问题时,结合当代人类生存实践活动、社会结构以及文化传统的当代变迁与转型的剖析,进而形成的对当代哲学存在论转换及其方向的理论追求的创构努力。古希腊的存在(tobe)及存在论(Ontology)中所蕴含的生存及生存论的丰富内涵,被此后的实存(exsistere)及实存论取代生存主义哲学开启了生存论转向,但此转向作为一项历史性使命,绝不限于此。当代西方浓厚的语言哲学以及后现代相对主义背景表明,仅仅在西方范式下推展的生存论转向已走向终结。在这一情形下,内在地超越于西方并蕴含着人类性哲学方向的马克思的实践哲学在生存论转向中的重要意义将会彰显出来,马克思实践哲学以及其中蕴含的实践一生存论实际上有理由被看作“-3代哲学生存论转向的真正目标,只不过,在人类解放论的理论预设内,生存论转向作为人的不断生成、自我超越和创造的历史性的存在,本身就存在着一种未竟性与不可终结性。     

Action explanation and its presuppositions

In debates about rationalizing action explanation causalists assume that the psychological states that explain an intentional action have both causal and rational features. I scrutinize the presuppositions of those who seek and offer rationalizing action explanations. This scrutiny shows, I argue, that where rational features play an explanatory role in these contexts, causal features play only a presuppositional role. But causal features would have to play an explanatory role if rationalizing action explanation were a species of causal explanation. Consequently, it is not a species of causal explanation.     

A meta‐analysis of the effects of acute alcohol intoxication on witness recall

There is widespread belief in the legal system that alcohol impairs witness testimony. Nevertheless, most laboratory studies examining the effects of alcohol on witness testimony suggest that alcohol may affect the number of correct but not incorrect details recalled. However, it is difficult to draw conclusions because sample sizes, testing paradigms, and recall measures vary between individual studies. We conducted a meta‐analysis to address this issue. We found alcohol intoxication had a significant and moderate sized effect on the number of correct details recalled (g = 0.40). The effect of alcohol on the number of incorrect details recalled was not significant. Further, the effect of alcohol on the recall of correct details was significantly moderated by multiple factors like intoxication level, the retention interval length between encoding and recall, and the types of questions asked (i.e., free recall vs. cued recall). We discuss the applied implications of the results.     

孔孟道德修养思想之比较

中国儒家伦理文化非常重视个体的道德修养,并将之视为齐家、治国、平天下之基础.孔子、孟子开创了儒家文化发展之先河,在他们那里有着非常丰富而精辟的道德修养思想.在如何通过道德修养铸造自我品性方面,孔子和孟子既具有认知上的共同性和传承性,同时又具有各自的思想特色,对之进行比较研究,挖掘和开发其中之思想精髓和理论精华,对于开启我们今日之心智无疑大有裨益.     

亲子间家庭功能的知觉差异及其与青少年孤独感的关系

采用家庭功能评价量表（FAI）,青少年孤独感问卷,对北京和两安的1325名初高中生及其父母进行调查。结果发现：（1）在家庭功能问卷的所有维度,亲子间知觉差异显著,青少年的知觉更消极;（2）在家庭功能的所有维度,男孩与父母的知觉差异均大于女孩与父母的差异;沟通维度父子间的差异大于母予差异,冲突与和谐维度母女间的差异大于父女间的差异;（3）不同知觉差异纽青少年的孤独感差异显著,知觉差异水平与孤独感间呈线性关系;亲子阃在冲突与和谐及父母关注维度的知觉差异可以显著预测青少年的孤独感。     

自我建构理论的发展与评价

出现于20世纪90年代初的自我建构理论是自我图式理论的一个分支,致力于从个体看待自我和他人关系的角度探讨个体自我表征的构成。本文回顾了该领域从"独立型与依存型自我建构理论"到"三重自我建构理论"的发展脉络,较为详细地介绍了这两种理论的基本观点以及不同研究者围绕三重自我建构相互间关系所进行的争论。最后,本文从个体自我表征系统的结构、关系自我与集体自我的内涵以及三重自我建构之间关系的角度提出了后续研究的方向。     

Systems evolution,structures of long‐waves,and systems management

By classifying the evolution of systems into inter‐level evolution and intra‐level evolution and dividing the intra‐level evolution into four stages which are interrelated but quite different from each other, we discuss structures of several typical systems long‐waves, and strategies of systems management.     

Dual-memory processes in crack cocaine dependents: The effects of childhood neglect on recall

Exposure to adversities during sensitive periods of neurodevelopment is associated with the subsequent development of substance dependence and exerts harmful, long-lasting effects upon memory functioning. In this study, we investigated the relationship between childhood neglect (CN) and memory using a dual-process model that quantifies recollective and non-recollective retrieval processes in crack cocaine dependents. Eighty-four female crack cocaine–dependent inpatients who did (N = 32) or did not (N = 52) report a history of CN received multiple opportunities to study and recall a short list composed of familiar and concrete words and then received a delayed-recall test. Crack cocaine dependents with a history of CN showed worse performance on free-recall tests than did dependents without a history of CN; this finding was associated with declines in recollective retrieval (direct access) rather than non-recollective retrieval. In addition, we found no evidence of group differences in forgetting rates between immediate- and delayed-recall tests. The results support developmental models of traumatology and suggest that neglect of crack cocaine dependents in early life disrupts the adult memory processes that support the retrieval of detailed representations of events from the past.     

The mental health of children of migrant workers in Beijing: The protective role of public school attendance

The present study aims to understand the mental health status of an understudied group of migrant children – children of migrant workers in China. A total of 1,466 children from Beijing participated in the study that compared migrant children (n = 1,019) to their local peers (n = 447) in public and private school settings. Results showed that overall, migrant children reported more internalizing and externalizing mental health problems and lower life satisfaction than local peers. However, public school attendance served as a protective factor for migrant children's mental health. The mental health status of migrant children attending public schools, including externalizing problems as well as friend and school satisfaction, was not different from local children. In addition, our data indicates that the protective effect of public school attendance for migrant children may be even more salient among girls than boys, and for younger children than older children.     

Motivation to Pursue Genetic Testing in Individuals with a Personal or Family History of Cardiac Events or Sudden Cardiac Death

Genetic testing is becoming increasingly available for cardiac channelopathies, such as long QT syndrome and Brugada syndrome, which can lead to sudden cardiac death. Test results can be used to shape an individual’s medical management and to identify at-risk family members. In our qualitative study, all participants had a personal or family history of a diagnosed cardiac arrhythmia syndrome or sudden cardiac death. Open-ended interviews were conducted individually and in focus groups. Interviews were audio recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed using a qualitative grounded-theory approach. Of 50 participants, 37 described their motivations for pursuing genetic testing for long QT syndrome or another cardiac channelopathy. Participants’ motivations included: to find an explanation for a family member’s sudden death, to relieve uncertainty regarding a diagnosis, to guide future medical management, to allay concern about children or other family members, and to comply with recommendations of physicians or family members. Perceived reasons not to pursue genetic testing included denial, fear, and lack of information. The genetic counseling and informed consent process can be enhanced by understanding and addressing an individual’s internal and external motivations either for or against pursuing genetic testing.