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The present study examined the role of controlled attention in age differences in event-based prospective memory performance across adolescence. The researchers tested whether presenting the prospective memory cue in or out of focal awareness of the ongoing task (resulting in low versus high demands for controlled attention, respectively) might affect age-related prospective memory performance. In total, 119 Chinese participants ages 13 to 20 took part in this study (60 adolescents: age M = 13.26 years, SD = 0.50; 23 boys; 59 young adults: age M = 19.70 years, SD = 0.87; 19 men). Findings demonstrated a significant interaction, F(1, 114) = 6.41, p < .05. No effect of age on prospective memory performance was revealed when a focal cue was used (F < 1), whereas there was a reliable age effect between adolescents and young adults when nonfocal prospective memory cues were presented, F(1, 59) = 16.13, p < .01. This pattern of results suggests that the interplay of both available resources of controlled attention and working memory, along with specific task demands, may contribute to possible age differences in prospective memory performance across adolescence. Results are discussed in the context of the multiprocess theory of prospective memory. 相似文献
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从最初对西方身体转向的应激反应,到开始关注中国古代哲学的身体维度,再到多角度、宽领域深入开掘中国传统哲学的身体特质,作为中国哲学研究的新视野,中国哲学的身体性研究展现出了非凡的活力.关于这一研究的新进展,海峡两岸"中国哲学研究的身体维度"会议从三个方面,即"身体与伦理"、"体感与体知"、"身体与语文"作了细致的探讨,不仅深化了中国哲学的身体性研究,也推进了海峡两岸学者在这一领域的学术交流,中国哲学的身体性研究已成为建设当代文化的重要资源. 相似文献
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AbstractInference of variance components in linear mixed modeling (LMM) provides evidence of heterogeneity between individuals or clusters. When only nonnegative variances are allowed, there is a boundary (i.e., 0) in the variances’ parameter space, and regular inference statistical procedures for such a parameter could be problematic. The goal of this article is to introduce a practically feasible permutation method to make inferences about variance components while considering the boundary issue in LMM. The permutation tests with different settings (i.e., constrained vs. unconstrained estimation, specific vs. generalized test, different ways of calculating p values, and different ways of permutation) were examined with both normal data and non-normal data. In addition, the permutation tests were compared to likelihood ratio (LR) tests with a mixture of chi-squared distributions as the reference distribution. We found that the unconstrained permutation test with the one-sided p-value approach performed better than the other permutation tests and is a useful alternative when the LR tests are not applicable. An R function is provided to facilitate the implementation of the permutation tests, and a real data example is used to illustrate the application. We hope our results will help researchers choose appropriate tests when testing variance components in LMM. 相似文献
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同品和异品是因明学体系中的两个基本概念,对它们的准确理解是解读九句因和因三相的一把钥匙,是确定新因明论式逻辑性质的前提条件.学术界已经存在的三种相关定义,为人们理解同品和异品提供了程度不同的启示,但均存在尚需完善之处.从内涵角度而言,同品是指具有所立法性质的事物,异品是指不具有所立法性质的事物;从外延角度而言,宗之前陈是否应当属于同品或者异品,在立量之际立敌双方对此意见分歧;但实际上,宗之前陈或者属于同品或者属于异品,二者必居其一,这是因明论式具有自悟和悟他功能之需要.这种视野下的同品和异品,可以解决九句因的归类以及九句因和因三相之间的一致性问题. 相似文献