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981.
Mervielde I De Clercq B De Fruyt F Van Leeuwen K 《Journal of personality disorders》2005,19(2):171-201
To contribute to the case for a dimensional conceptualization of psychopathology in general and maladaptive personality or personality disorders in particular, the present paper reviews the evidence for a dimensional representation of childhood temperament and personality. The review of temperament and variable-centered as well as person-centered approaches to childhood personality leads us to propose five broadband dimensions that capture individual differences in children and adolescents: extraversion, emotional stability, agreeableness, conscientiousness, and openness/intellect. Our analysis of the CBCL (Achenbach, 1991) and the DIPSI (currently under development at Ghent University), two dimensional models for childhood psychopathology, suggests two common broadband factors, internalizing and externalizing. The relations between the dimensional representation of childhood temperament/personality and psychopathology are documented with data from general population and clinical samples of children and adolescents. The article concludes with a proposal on how the higher-order dimensions emerging from studies of adaptive and maladaptive individual differences in childhood could be integrated in a common dimensional model. 相似文献
982.
Evaluative conditioning (EC) is one of the terms that is used to refer to associatively induced changes in liking. Many controversies have arisen in the literature on EC. Do associatively induced changes in liking actually exist? Does EC depend on awareness of the fact that stimuli are associated? Is EC resistant to extinction? Does attention help or hinder EC? As an introduction to this special issue, we will discuss the extent to which the papers that are published in this issue help to resolve some of the controversies that surround EC. We also speculate about possible boundary conditions of EC and attempt to reconcile conflicting results on the functional properties of EC. 相似文献
983.
Evaluative conditioning refers to the changes in liking of an evaluatively neutral stimulus (the conditional stimulus or CS) as a result of merely pairing it with another, already liked or disliked stimulus (the unconditional stimulus or US). We examined whether other, non-evaluative stimulus properties of a US can also be associatively transferred to a CS. In a series of experiments, we tried to transfer perceptions of the gender of children and the gender of first names. We found evidence for the associative transfer of these properties but only when participants were aware of the contingencies. 相似文献
984.
This paper outlines and defends a notion of tragic-remorse. This moral emotion properly accompanies those actions that involve unavoidable moral wrongdoing in general and dirty hands scenarios in particular. Tragic-remorse differs both phenomenologically and conceptually from regret, agent-regret and remorse. By recognising the existence of tragic-remorse, we are better able to account for our complex moral reality which at times makes it necessary for good persons to act in ways that although justified leave the agent with a moral stain and a particular emotional response. 相似文献
985.
The present study provides norms for Spanish word lists that have been used to create false memories in native speakers of
Spanish. The word lists reported are based on the Roediger and McDermott (1995) lists that have been used extensively to examine
illusory memories. We employed Roediger and McDermott’s critical lures, translated them into Spanish, and created semantically
associated Spanish word lists by testing native Spanish speakers. The resulting lists were then normed with additional native
Spanish speakers. Overall, the participants recalled 53% of the list items and 32% of the critical lures with the word lists
developed. In addition, 74% of the list items and 69% of the critical lures were recognized by the participants. The present
study adds to the literature by providing a set of Spanish lists that can be used by researchers interested in evaluating
false memories in individuals who speak Spanish. These norms may be downloaded from www.psychonomic.org/archive. 相似文献
986.
In this visual half field (VHF) experiment, we investigated possible differences between the left and the right hemisphere
in the processing of the internal and external features of familiar and unfamiliar faces. Previous studies using famous and
unknown faces had indicated that both hemispheres use the same qualitative mode of processing with the internal features being
more important for the perception of familiar faces. In this experiment, personally familiar faces rather than famous faces
are used. There are several, mainly methodological, reasons why personally familiar faces are more appropriate stimuli to
investigate face processing. The results of the present study showed that no overall visual field effect occurred, but more
importantly, that face processing in the left hemisphere differed qualitatively from that in the right hemisphere. The theoretical
repercussions of these findings are discussed. 相似文献
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989.
We present a method for studying experimental data based on a psychometric model, the “Rasch model” (Rasch, 1966; Thissen & Steinberg, 1986). We illustrate the method with the use of a data set in the field of concept research. More specifically, we investigate whether a conjunctive concept can be seen as an additive combination of its constituents. High correlations between model and data are obtained, but a formal goodness-of-fit test indicates that the model does not completely account for the data. We then alter the Rasch model in such a way as to capture our idea of why the model deviates from the data. This results in higher correlations and a strong increase in goodness-of-fit. It is concluded that our ideas, as incorporated in the model, adequately summarize the data. More generally, this research illustrates that applying the Rasch model and altering it according to one’s hypotheses is an excellent way to analyze experimental data. 相似文献
990.
Chris N. Kladopoulos Bruce L. Brown Nancy S. Hemmes Soledad Cabeza De Vaca 《Attention, perception & psychophysics》1998,60(3):438-450
In four experiments investigating human timing, subjects produced estimates of sample durations by bracketing their endpoints. On each trial, subjects reproduced a sample duration by pressing a button before the estimated sample duration elapsed (start time) and releasing it after the estimated duration elapsed (stop time). From these responses, middle time (start + stop/2) and spread time (stop — start) were calculated, representing the point of subjective equality and the difference limen, respectively. In all experiments, subjects produced middle times that varied directly with sample duration. In Experiment 2, middle times lengthened when feedback was withheld. Consistent with Weber timing, spread times, as well as the standard deviation of middle times, varied directly with middle time (Experiments 1, 3, and 4). On the basis of an internal clock model of timing (Gibbon & Church, 1990), the data permitted inferences regarding memory processes and response threshold. Correlations between start and stop times and between start and spread times agreed with earlier findings in animals suggesting that the variance of temporal estimates across trials is based in part upon the selection of a single temporal memory sample from a reference memory store and upon one or two threshold samples for initiating and terminating each estimate within a trial. 相似文献