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81.
ADHD Correlates, Comorbidity, and Impairment in Community and Treated Samples of Children and Adolescents 总被引:3,自引:3,他引:0
Bauermeister JJ Shrout PE Ramírez R Bravo M Alegría M Martínez-Taboas A Chávez L Rubio-Stipec M García P Ribera JC Canino G 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》2007,35(6):883-898
Patterns of correlates, comorbidity and impairment associated with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children and youth were examined in representative samples from the community and from treatment facilities serving medically indigent youth in Puerto Rico. Information from caretakers and youths was obtained using the Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children, (version IV), measures of global impairment, and a battery of potential correlates. In the community (N = 1,896) and the treated samples (N = 763), 7.5 and 26.2% of the children, respectively, met criteria for DSM-IV ADHD in the previous year. Although the prevalence rates and degree of impairment differed, the general patterns of correlates, comorbidity and impairment were similar in both populations. The exceptions were associated with conduct disorder, anxiety, impairment in the ADHD comorbid group, and age factors that appeared to be related to selection into treatment. 相似文献
82.
González J McLennan CT 《Journal of experimental psychology. Human perception and performance》2007,33(2):410-424
Variability in talker identity, one type of indexical variation, has demonstrable effects on the speed and accuracy of spoken word recognition. Furthermore, neuropsychological evidence suggests that indexical and linguistic information may be represented and processed differently in the 2 cerebral hemispheres, and is consistent with findings from the visual domain. For example, in visual word recognition, changes in font affect processing differently depending on which hemisphere initially processes the input. The present study examined whether hemispheric differences exist in spoken language as well. In 4 long-term repetition-priming experiments, the authors examined responses to stimuli that were primed by stimuli that matched or mismatched in talker identity. The results demonstrate that indexical variability can affect participants' perception of spoken words differently in the 2 hemispheres. 相似文献
83.
González J 《Perceptual and motor skills》2007,105(1):215-220
Generally, there is a significant relationship between some acoustic measures (F0 and formant parameters) and the body size of speakers; however, data become less clear when age and sex variables are controlled. To date, no other vocal parameter apart from F0 has been studied in relation to body size. In the present study, correlations between a set of 27 parameters of the Multi-dimensional Voice Program (Kay Elemetrics Corp.) and 4 body measures were obtained from 134 speakers of both sexes belonging to one age group (20-29 years). Correlations within sex groups were null or very weak, and all significant coefficients were below .35. 相似文献
84.
Time (also) flies from left to right 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Everyday linguistic expressions in many languages suggest that back and front space is projected onto temporal concepts of
past and future (as in the sentencewe are years ahead of them). The present experiment tested the psychological reality of a different space-time conceptual metaphor—projecting the past
to left space and the future to right space—for which there are no linguistic traces in any language. Participants categorized
words as referring to the past or to the future. Irrelevant to this task, words appeared either to the left or right of the
screen, and responses were given by keypresses of the left or right hand. Judgments were facilitated when word position and
response mapping were congruent with the left-past right-future conceptual metaphor. These results are discussed in the context
of current claims about the embodiment of meaning and the possible mechanisms by which conceptual metaphors can be acquired. 相似文献
85.
Mariéle Diniz Cortez Letícia dos Santos Ana Elisa Quintal Marcelo V. Silveira Julio C. de Rose 《Journal of applied behavior analysis》2020,53(1):484-492
We evaluated the effects of tact and listener instruction on the emergence of bidirectional intraverbal relations with 6 typically developing Brazilian children, using an adapted alternating treatment design with pretest and posttest probes. In listener instruction, participants selected pictures that corresponded to spoken foreign-language words. For tact instruction, children had to vocalize foreign words in the presence of the corresponding pictures. After meeting mastery criteria, bidirectional intraverbal tests assessed vocalizations in Portuguese (native language) following the presentation of the equivalent words in English (foreign language) and vice versa. Tact instruction consistently produced higher levels of emergent intraverbal responding compared to listener instruction, confirming results from previous studies. 相似文献
86.
Milagros Bravo Julio Ribera Maritza Rubio-Stipec Glorisa Canino Patrick Shrout Rafael Ramírez Lizbeth Fábregas Ligia Chavez Margarita Alegría José J. Bauermeister Alfonso Martínez Taboas 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》2001,29(5):433-444
The test-retest reliability of the Spanish Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children (DISC-IV) is presented. This version was developed in Puerto Rico in consultation with an international bilingual committee, sponsored by NIMH. The sample (N = 146) consisted of children recruited from outpatient mental health clinics and a drug residential treatment facility. Two different pairs of nonclinicians administered the DISC twice to the parent and child respondents. Results indicated fair to moderate agreement for parent reports on most diagnoses. Relatively similar agreement levels were observed for last month and last year time frames. Surprisingly, the inclusion of impairment as a criterion for diagnosis did not substantially change the pattern of results for specific disorders. Parents were more reliable when reporting on diagnoses of younger (4–10) than older children. Children 11–17 years old were reliable informants on disruptive and substance abuse/dependence disorders, but unreliable for anxiety and depressive disorders. Hence, parents were more reliable when reporting about anxiety and depressive disorders whereas children were more reliable than their parents when reporting about disruptive and substance disorders. 相似文献
87.
In this study, the predictive power of hardy personality and generalized self-efficacy on general health perception was investigated in a sample of nursing personnel working in emergency and intensive care services. A cross-sectional retrospective design was used, and the following measurement instruments were applied: a sociodemographic and work questionnaire, Goldberg's GHQ-28 Health Questionnaire, the Baessler and Schwarzer General Self-efficacy Questionnaire, and the Hardy Personality Subscale of Moreno's Nursing Burnout Questionnaire (CDPE). The results revealed a positive and statistically significant relationship between the individual variables of generalized self-efficacy and hardy personality. A canonical correlation analysis carried out on the psychological distress symptoms with self-efficacy and hardy personality as predictor variables, led us to emphasize the relevance of the construct total hardy personality as a predictor and, consequently, as a protective factor against the onset of psychological distress symptoms in the sample of professionals studied. Lastly, the implications of the results for clinical practice are discussed. 相似文献
88.
89.
The results of a meta-analysis about the efficacy of psychological treatment for children who have suffered physical maltreatment and neglect by their parents or tutors are presented. Sixteen studies that met our selection criteria were included, providing 22 treated groups and 8 control groups. The results showed an absence of clear differences among the diverse treatments, although all of them exhibited a low-to-medium practical significance. The longer they are, the more effective are the treatments and also when neglect was the type of maltreatment suffered by the children. The effect estimates do not seem to be affected by biases. Finally, the clinical implications of the results, as well as those for future research, are discussed. 相似文献
90.
Isabela Zaine Camila Domeniconi Julio C. de Rose 《Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior》2016,105(3):362-374
Responding by exclusion is a type of emergent repertoire in which an individual chooses an alternative by the apparent exclusion of other available alternatives. In this case it is possible to respond appropriately to an undefined stimulus (one that has not previously acquired discriminative functions) by excluding the defined alternatives. There is evidence of exclusion in humans and nonhuman animals, although learning as an outcome of exclusion does not always occur. This study aimed to investigate exclusion in visual simple discriminations and learning of new simple discriminations resulting from exclusion in four border collies. Subjects were trained to perform simple simultaneous discriminations between pairs of tridimensional objects, and were then tested for exclusion, novelty control and learning of new simple discriminations. All dogs successfully responded by exclusion, choosing an undefined stimulus displayed with an S‐. For three dogs, it was possible to conclude that these previously undefined stimuli acquired S+ functions, documenting learning of new simple discriminations. However, this required up to four exposures to exclusion trials with each pair of stimuli. 相似文献