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141.
Liat Kulik 《Journal of Psychology and Judaism》1998,22(2):101-114
The article examines differences between male students who make gender-typical career choices and those who choose female-dominant careers in Israel, with emphasis on life orientations and attitudes toward various aspects of work. The sample consisted of engineering students (the gender typical group) and students of psychology and social work (the gender atypical group). The findings revealed several differences between the two groups. On the whole, the gender atypical group expressed a more masculine orientation toward work than their gender typical counterparts: The former attributed more importance to career success and competition, and derived more satisfaction from political activity than did the latter. In light of these results, the personal and social benefits of referring candidates with relevant vocational interests to atypical careers are considered. 相似文献
142.
Sarah Kuhn PhD 《Science and engineering ethics》1998,4(4):457-472
To design effective and socially sensitive systems, engineers must be able to integrate a technology-based approach to engineering
problems with concerns for social impact and the context of use. The conventional approach to engineering education is largely
technology-based, and even when additional courses with a social orientation are added, engineering graduates are often not
well prepared to design user- and context-sensitive systems. Using data from interviews with three engineering students who
had significant exposure to a socially-oriented perspective on production systems design, this paper argues that engineering
students may have difficulty integrating in their own practice the technology-based and the socially-oriented perspectives
on production. To enhance engineering students' ability to create systems that integrate both perspectives, and to relieve
the intense cognitive and emotional pain that can be experienced by students exposed to both perspectives but unable to reconcile
them, this paper reinforces the importance of teaching students the meta skill, design. A design perspective can help students integrate varied, sometimes conflicting, perspectives, and reach beyond customer-defined
constraints to consider workplace and social impact. 相似文献
143.
Comparison of the Effects of Telephone Suicide Prevention Help by Volunteers and Professional Paid Staff: Results from Studies in the USA and Quebec,Canada
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Brian L. Mishara PhD Marc Daigle PhD Cécile Bardon PhD François Chagnon PhD Bogdan Balan MD PhD Sylvaine Raymond MA Julie Campbell MA 《Suicide & life-threatening behavior》2016,46(5):577-587
Research since the 1960s has consistently found that lay volunteers are better at helping suicidal callers than professionals. Yet, professional degrees are increasingly becoming requirements for helpline workers. In our first study, we conducted post hoc comparisons of U.S. helplines with all professional paid staff, all lay volunteers, and a mix of both, using silent monitoring and standardized assessments of 1,431 calls. The volunteer centers more often conducted risk assessments, had more empathy, were more respectful of callers, and had significantly better call outcome ratings. A second study of five Quebec suicide prevention centers used silent monitoring to compare telephone help in 1,206 calls answered by 90 volunteers and 39 paid staff. Results indicate no significant differences between the volunteers and paid employees on outcome variables. However, volunteers and paid staff with over 140 hours of call experience had significantly better outcomes. Unlike the United States, Quebec paid employees were not required to have advanced professional degrees. We conclude from these results and previous research that there is no justification for requiring that suicide prevention helpline workers be mental health professionals. In fact, the evidence to date indicates that professionals may be less effective in providing telephone help to suicidal individuals when compared to trained lay volunteers. 相似文献
144.
The link between posttraumatic guilt and posttraumatic stress disorder has gained recognition over the past decades and was recently expressed in the modifications made to the diagnostic criteria for the disorder under the DSM-V. Yet, the psychological dynamics underlying this relation are still not fully understood. The present study introduces a model whereby different dynamics between guilt and hostility are related to posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms (PTSS), following different traumatic war experiences. One hundred and forty-four former prisoners of war (ex-POWs) and 143 comparable combatants participated in the study, 30 years after the war, reporting on their PTSS, guilt, and hostility. Moderation analyses revealed a three-way interaction, where high hostility buffered the effect of guilt on PTSS only among ex-POWs. This finding suggests a distinctive dynamic among guilt, hostility, and PTSS following diverse traumatic events. Specifically, it appears that hostility can have a mitigating effect on the negative outcomes of guilt for ex-POWs following trauma, but not for non-POW veterans. The theoretical reasoning and the clinical implications of these findings are discussed. 相似文献
145.
Liat Radcliffe 《Islam & Christian-Muslim Relations》2004,15(3):365-386
While much has been written on the role of ethnic and religious pressure groups in US foreign policy making, little has been noted of the participation of these groups in the British context. This paper examines the role of the British Muslim community in the making of British foreign policy. In particular, it examines the lobbying activity of the Muslim Council of Britain (MCB), which, though only established in 1997, has achieved prominence in political and media circles. This study reveals a disparity between the MCB’s regular access to government ministers and officials under the New Labour tenure and its only limited influence in foreign policy making. More generally, it seeks to show the complexity of the relationship between domestic and foreign policy as well as between culture and politics. 相似文献
146.
In three experiments, participants decided whether a Star of David shape was present among distractors. Although the participants
were instructed to ignore the colors in the display, detection was slower when each triangle of the Star of David was printed
in a different color than when the Star of David was printed in a uniform color or when each triangle was in two colors. Extending
the object file theory, we suggest that when the parts of an object are distinguished by a color difference and are perceived
as separate objects, the perception of the whole object, which is composed of these same parts, is damaged. One interpretation
within object file theory is that when the visual system represents the location of a complex object as occupied by identity
tags for its different parts, it cannot also link the same location to the identity of the complex object. A new object file
must then be created. 相似文献
147.
Aikaterini Vassilikopoulou PhD Kalliopi Chatzipanagiotou PhD George Siomkos PhD Amalia Triantafillidou MSc 《Journal of Consumer Behaviour》2011,10(5):279-289
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the consumer reaction during a product‐harm crisis by examining the interdependencies that exist among their ethical beliefs as consumers, their attributions of blame, their feelings of anger and finally their purchase intentions towards the affected company. To test the five research hypotheses, a questionnaire containing a hypothetical crisis scenario of a fictitious company was distributed to 277 consumers. Respondents were asked to read the scenario and answer questions regarding their attribution of responsibility to the company, their feelings of anger and their purchase intentions. In order to investigate consumers' ethical beliefs, a Consumer Ethics Scale was also included in the questionnaire. Structural equation modelling revealed a significant, positive correlation between attributions of blame, anger and ethical beliefs. Moreover, anger negatively affects purchase intentions, whereas the attribution of blame was not found to be significantly connected to purchase intentions. In spite of the rational connection between ethics and crisis, there is lack of research correlating these two concepts. Based on this gap in the literature, the current research attempts to connect ethical beliefs with consumer reactions and emotions during product‐harm crises. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
148.
In an experiment of nature, a normal cohort of parents who were raised under communal sleeping arrangements (CSA) in Israeli kibbutzim are raising their infants at home under home‐based family sleeping arrangements. The present study focused on exploring the links between the early sleep experiences of CSA parents and their present sleep‐related beliefs and behaviors. In particular, the study assessed whether the cognitions of CSA parents regarding infant sleep differ from cognitions of parents who were raised under home‐based family sleeping arrangements. Furthermore, parental soothing methods and infant sleep patterns were compared. One hundred forty‐one families participated in this study. The children's ages ranged between 4.5 to 30 months. Parental cognitions were evaluated by two questionnaires. Infant sleep was assessed by a questionnaire and by daily parental reports. As expected, CSA parents were more likely than were control parents to: (a) interpret infant night wakings as a sign of distress and (b) actively soothe their infants at bedtime, co‐sleep with them, and report more night wakings of their infants. These findings support the hypothesis that early childhood sleep‐related experiences of parents (“Ghosts in the Nursery”) influence their parental sleep‐related cognitions that in turn affect infant sleep patterns. 相似文献
149.
150.
Norman Y. Teng PhD 《亚洲哲学》2006,16(1):39-47
The anecdote of Zhuangzi and Hui Shi's brief discussion on a bridge above the Hao river gives us a nice piece of reasoning in ancient Chinese texts that may serve as a platform for a productive philosophical exchange between the East and the West. The present study examines Hansen's inferential analysis of Zhuangzi and Hui Shi's discussion in this spirit. It is argued that Hansen's analysis founders. To do justice to both Hui Shi and Zhuangzi, the present study proposes that we apply the logic developed in the later Mohist text, the Lesser Pick, to an analysis of their discussion. The re-analysis shows that the intricate dialectic of the reasoning in which Zhuangzi and Hui Shi engage, neatly accords with the pattern of discourse expounded in the Lesser Pick, and gives us global insight into Zhuangzi's final statement in the anecdote, which is notoriously recondite, or confusing. 相似文献