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Tamar Kadosh-Laor Liat Israeli-Ran Ido Shalev Florina Uzefovsky 《British journal of psychology (London, England : 1953)》2023,114(3):605-620
The ability to empathize with others enables us to effectively interact with each other and may have specifically evolved to support parental roles and caregiving. The relationship between parenting and trait empathy is little understood as previous research focused on empathy exclusively in the context of parenting, for example parental sensitivity. Here we aimed to understand how trait empathy may moderate the association between child's negative emotionality and parental burnout. Two cohorts were examined (1) parents of infants (10–18 months old; N = 203) and (2) parents of children (3–10 years old, N = 201). Parents filled out a battery of online questionnaires assessing maternal empathy, parental burnout and child temperament. We found that the relationship between higher levels of negative emotionality and parental burnout is moderated by specific aspects of maternal emotional empathy. Our findings suggest that maternal emotional empathy acts as a buffer against parental burnout when faced with a child's characteristics that incur higher parental demands. 相似文献
2.
The study reported here examined whether size perception based on monocular distance cues is computed automatically. Participants
were presented with a picture containing distance cues, which was superimposed with a pair of digits differing in numerical
value. One digit was presented so as to be perceived as closer than the other. The digits were of similar physical size but
differed in their perceptual size. The participants’ task was to decide which digit was numerically larger. It was found that
the decision took longer and resulted in more errors when the perceptual size of the numerically larger digit was smaller
than the perceptual size of the numerically smaller digit. These results show that perceived size affects performance in a
task that does not require size or distance computation. Hence, for the first time, there is empirical support for the working
assumption of the visual perception approach that size perception based on monocular distance cues is computed automatically. 相似文献
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4.
Applying imagined contact to improve physiological responses in anticipation of intergroup interactions and the perceived quality of these interactions 下载免费PDF全文
This experiment (N = 49) is the first to show that imagined contact can buffer anticipatory physiological responses to future interactions, and improve the quality of these interactions. Participants imagined a positive interaction with a person with schizophrenia, or in a control condition, a person who did not have schizophrenia. They then interacted with a confederate whom they believed had schizophrenia. Participants in the imagined contact condition reported more positive attitudes and less avoidance of people with schizophrenia, displayed smaller anticipatory physiological responses, specifically smaller changes in interbeat interval and skin conductance responses, and had a more positive interaction according to the confederate. These findings support applying imagined contact to improve interactions with people with severe mental illnesses. 相似文献
5.
The existence of the overconfidence phenomenon was examined using a signal detection paradigm. Fifty-five participants were asked to decide whether they heard a signal or noise only, and to rate how certain they were of their decisions. The results confirmed the existence of overconfidence as well as the “hard-easy” effect. 相似文献
6.
This preliminary study focused on positive phenomena among Israeli family caregivers (spouse, adult child, or parent) of patients with chronic illness hospitalized in a medical rehabilitation hospital. We investigated these caregivers’ posttraumatic growth (PTG) and subjective well-being (positive and negative emotions, life satisfaction), and their associations with the demographic and illness characteristics of the caregivers and patients, respectively. Participants included 74 adult primary caregivers: 28 were the patient’s spouse; 21 were the patient’s child; and 25 were the patient’s parent. Caregivers completed four self-report questionnaires. No significant association emerged between caregivers’ PTG and their negative affect or life satisfaction. Nevertheless, caregivers’ positive affect correlated with their PTG and also predicted it. Moreover, different patterns emerged for the caregiver subgroups (spouse, adult child, or parent): Patients’ children reported lower negative affect and greater life satisfaction than patients’ parents or spouses. Various explanations were discussed, alongside implications for giving recognition and assistance from the medical system to patients’ caregivers. 相似文献
7.
Liat Kulik 《Journal of Psychology and Judaism》1998,22(2):101-114
The article examines differences between male students who make gender-typical career choices and those who choose female-dominant careers in Israel, with emphasis on life orientations and attitudes toward various aspects of work. The sample consisted of engineering students (the gender typical group) and students of psychology and social work (the gender atypical group). The findings revealed several differences between the two groups. On the whole, the gender atypical group expressed a more masculine orientation toward work than their gender typical counterparts: The former attributed more importance to career success and competition, and derived more satisfaction from political activity than did the latter. In light of these results, the personal and social benefits of referring candidates with relevant vocational interests to atypical careers are considered. 相似文献
8.
Liat Radcliffe 《Islam & Christian-Muslim Relations》2004,15(3):365-386
While much has been written on the role of ethnic and religious pressure groups in US foreign policy making, little has been noted of the participation of these groups in the British context. This paper examines the role of the British Muslim community in the making of British foreign policy. In particular, it examines the lobbying activity of the Muslim Council of Britain (MCB), which, though only established in 1997, has achieved prominence in political and media circles. This study reveals a disparity between the MCB’s regular access to government ministers and officials under the New Labour tenure and its only limited influence in foreign policy making. More generally, it seeks to show the complexity of the relationship between domestic and foreign policy as well as between culture and politics. 相似文献
9.
The link between posttraumatic guilt and posttraumatic stress disorder has gained recognition over the past decades and was recently expressed in the modifications made to the diagnostic criteria for the disorder under the DSM-V. Yet, the psychological dynamics underlying this relation are still not fully understood. The present study introduces a model whereby different dynamics between guilt and hostility are related to posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms (PTSS), following different traumatic war experiences. One hundred and forty-four former prisoners of war (ex-POWs) and 143 comparable combatants participated in the study, 30 years after the war, reporting on their PTSS, guilt, and hostility. Moderation analyses revealed a three-way interaction, where high hostility buffered the effect of guilt on PTSS only among ex-POWs. This finding suggests a distinctive dynamic among guilt, hostility, and PTSS following diverse traumatic events. Specifically, it appears that hostility can have a mitigating effect on the negative outcomes of guilt for ex-POWs following trauma, but not for non-POW veterans. The theoretical reasoning and the clinical implications of these findings are discussed. 相似文献
10.
In three experiments, participants decided whether a Star of David shape was present among distractors. Although the participants
were instructed to ignore the colors in the display, detection was slower when each triangle of the Star of David was printed
in a different color than when the Star of David was printed in a uniform color or when each triangle was in two colors. Extending
the object file theory, we suggest that when the parts of an object are distinguished by a color difference and are perceived
as separate objects, the perception of the whole object, which is composed of these same parts, is damaged. One interpretation
within object file theory is that when the visual system represents the location of a complex object as occupied by identity
tags for its different parts, it cannot also link the same location to the identity of the complex object. A new object file
must then be created. 相似文献