Attachment, self-compassion, empathy, and subjective well-being among college students and community adults

Research on subjective well-being suggests that it is only partly a function of environmental circumstances. There may be a personality characteristic or a resilient disposition toward experiencing high levels of well-being even in unfavorable circumstances. Adult attachment may contribute to this resilient disposition. This study examined whether the association between attachment anxiety and subjective well-being was mediated by Neff's (2003a, 2003b) concept of self-compassion. It also examined empathy toward others as a mediator in the association between attachment avoidance and subjective well-being. In Study 1, 195 college students completed self-report surveys. In Study 2, 136 community adults provided a cross-validation of the results. As expected, across these 2 samples, findings suggested that self-compassion mediated the association between attachment anxiety and subjective well-being, and emotional empathy toward others mediated the association between attachment avoidance and subjective well-being.     

The stability of mastery motivation and its relationship with home environment in infants and toddlers

Mastery motivation (intrinsic drives to explore and master one's environment) is a key developmental element. The aims of this study were to investigate (1) the stability of mastery motivation between 2 and 3 years of age for two genders; and (2) the associations between early home environment and toddlers’ mastery motivation in children with typical development.

Methods

Data of 102 children developing typically from a birth cohort study at Northern Taiwan were analyzed in two parts: (1) stability part: mastery motivation of children were measured at 2 and 3 years of age; (2) environment part: child-parent dyads were assessed from birth, 4 months, 6 months, and 2-3 years of age. Outcomes variables were measured at ages 2 and 3 years by the Dimension of Mastery Questionnaire-17th version. Main predictive variables were measured by Home Observation for Measuring Environment Inventory (HOME) to collect data of the qualities of home environment at 6 months and 2 years; by the Revised Infant Temperament Questionnaire to obtain 4-month activity levels; and by the Comprehensive Developmental Inventory for Infants and Toddlers to obtain 2-year developmental quotient (DQ).

Results

There was moderate stability of mastery motivation from 2 to 3 years, and girls’ stability was higher than boys’. 6-Month HOME rather than 2-year HOME measures were positively and significantly correlated with instrumental mastery motivation even when controlling for gender, activity level, and DQ.

Conclusion

Mastery motivation had moderate stability during the toddler period. The quality of home environment in infancy appeared to have a significant impact on toddler's mastery motivation. To promote mastery motivation, caregivers should provide better quality of home environment for infants/toddlers during the very early years.     

不同维度的执行功能与早期心理理论的关系

采用意外地点任务、意外内容任务和三种不同类型的执行功能任务来探究执行功能与心理理论之间的关系。共60名被试,3岁和4岁被试各30名,男女各半。区分自己心理状态和他人心理状态能力与执行功能的关系主要体现在混合成分执行功能与这一能力的密切联系上;在错误信念发展的早期,执行功能与错误信念理解能力的关系主要集中在“混合成分的执行功能与对自己错误信念理解能力,工作记忆的执行功能与对他人错误信念理解能力”这两对联系上     

具身认知的“七宗罪”

近二十年来,具身认知已逐渐成为认知科学研究的主流趋势,其理论主张已经辐射到心理学、哲学、语言学、计算机科学等许多领域,研究成果运用范围逐渐扩大。诚然,具身认知在某种程度上弥补了“离身”认知的不足,但其在方法论和认识论方面的问题也日益突显,如循环论证,解释不充分,完全的二元对立,文化、社会、语言因素的忽视等。因此,当务之急是改进研究方法,摒弃先入之见,使其真正成为多角度、全方位、综合性研究。     

试论楚简《鲁邦大旱》篇的内容与思想

楚简《鲁邦大旱》篇一、二简 ,是写孔子借“鲁邦大旱”之机 ,在不坚持反对以“说之事鬼”的情况下 ,向鲁哀公提出了“正刑与德”的政治改革对策。三至六简 ,通过写孔子与子贡是否要祭祀求雨的辨难 ,表现了孔子对待祭祀鬼神现实而理性的态度。这与《论语》、帛书《要》篇的记载若合符节 ,可谓信而有征。以此来看孔子的天命观 ,知其“以鬼为不神” ;而不废鬼神之祭是“君子以为文” ,有“神道设教”的用心 ;其虽有“道德之天”的观念 ,但“上天”的主宰只是虚悬一格 ,实质还是强调人事     

《鬼谷子》的“阴阳”思想与“说谋”论证

"阴阳"是纵横家论证理论的重要依据。以往的研究虽有关注"阴阳"的重要性,但未能解答纵横家如何运用"阴阳"思想生成相应论证理论这一问题,也没有深入探索纵横家将"阴阳"作为其理论依据的原因。基于此,在广义论证的研究视域下,以《鬼谷子》为研究对象,分析其中"阴阳"的哲学内涵以及"阴""阳"之间的关系;揭示"阴阳"对其论证理论的影响:"说"(说服)"谋"(谋略)作为纵横家论证理论的核心范畴,"说"有"捭阖""反应"等论证规则,"谋"作为论证主张,有"阴谋""阳谋"之分;解释纵横家以"阴阳"为据的原因,认为这与当时国君崇尚"用间(间谍)"的社会文化背景密切相关;探索"说谋"论证理论与春秋论证实践之渊源。     

对伦理学历史演变轨迹的一种概述(上)

最早产生的伦理学理论主要是目的论的.超验目的论、幸福论、快乐主义是它的重要形式.效用主义是快乐主义的一种较晚近的形式.德性伦理学也是最早产生的一种目的论伦理学.中国儒家学说在其核心处是一种德性的伦理学.在斯多亚学派的学说中,德性与至善概念疏离后成为目的本身.在西方,德性伦理学又由于它具有的不同特点被称为完善论或自我实现论.从德性伦理学中逐步分离出独立的正当概念.康德在许多方面来说是从德性伦理学到义务论伦理学的联系环节.在义务论伦理学中正当(应当)成为核心的概念.在义务论伦理学中,基于对正当的不同解说,形成责任论与权利论两脉.康德学说是责任论的杰出典范.在权利论中,首先形成作为其古代先声的回应的近现代契约论伦理学.从这种传统中新近发展出程序论的伦理学.     

中小学生心理健康服务体系模式的构建

我国中小学生心理健康服务虽取得了较大的发展,但还存在地区发展不平衡、实施条件较差、形式主义倾向严重等诸多问题.为加强我国中小学生心理健康服务体系建设,文章提出了中小学生心理健康服务体系建设的理论模型,具体包括促进学生心理健康水平的心理健康教育体系、矫正学生心理健康问题的心理咨询服务体系、预防突发事件治疗学生心理疾病的心理疾病治疗与危机干预体系等三个子系统,以建立一个符合我国中小学实际的学生心理健康服务体系.     

The Effects of a Television Drama-Based Media Literacy Initiative on Taiwanese Adolescents’ Gender Role Attitudes

Sex Roles - For the present study, we developed a television (TV) drama-based media literacy program for Taiwanese adolescents. A quasi-experimental design was used to determine the effects of the...