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排序方式: 共有80条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
31.
32.
Paul A. Obrist Kathleen C. Light James A. McCubbin J. Stanford Hutcheson J. Lee Hoffer 《Behavior research methods》1978,10(5):623-626
The relationships between pulse transit time (PTT) and both systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were evaluated in 114 human subjects during rest and stress. PTT was found to covary quite consistently with SBP, but not with DBP, when blood pressure was measured both noninvasively and invasively. Pharmacological blockade of the sympathetic innervation of the heart appreciably attenuated the relationship between PTT and SBP. 相似文献
33.
Matthew S. Stanford Kevin W. Greve Jill K. Boudreaux Charles W. Mathias Jennifer L. Brumbelow 《Personality and individual differences》1996,21(6):1073-1075
The present study was undertaken in an attempt to determine the relationship of impulsiveness to risk-taking behaviors such as aggression, drug use, drunk driving and not wearing seatbelts among highschool and college students. The results of the study clearly demonstrate that high impulsives are involved in risk-taking behavior at a higher rate than low impulsive subjects. These findings suggest that high impulsive adolescents and young adults are at considerable risk of personal injury and present a potential source of injury to others. It is suggested that self-report questionnaires of impulsiveness might prove useful in the early identification of these high risk individuals. Once identified these individuals could be targeted for intensive educational interventions specifically designed to deal with their inability to delay gratification and general lack of impulse control. 相似文献
34.
Raudino A Woodward LJ Fergusson DM Horwood LJ 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》2012,40(2):251-263
This paper uses data from a sample of 337 parents studied at age 30 to examine the linkages between childhood conduct problems
assessed at ages 7–9 and later partnership and parenting outcomes. The key findings of this study were: 1) increasing levels
of childhood conduct problems were associated with increased risk of partnership difficulties, including relationship ambiguity,
inter-partner conflict/violence and lower levels of relationship satisfaction; 2) increasing levels of childhood conduct problems
were associated with increased risk of parenting difficulties, including over-reactivity, lax and inconsistent discipline,
child physical punishment and lower levels of parental warmth and sensitivity. These findings were consistent across both
parent reports and interviewer ratings, and in nearly all cases remained after extensive adjustment for confounding and selection
bias. Study findings add to the growing body of evidence documenting the adverse consequences of early conduct problems for
later adult interpersonal relationships and parenting behaviors. 相似文献
35.
MacKinnon Anna L. Silang Katherine Penner Kailey Zalewski Maureen Tomfohr-Madsen Lianne Roos Leslie E. 《Clinical child and family psychology review》2022,25(3):413-434
Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review - Parent stress and mental health problems negatively impact early child development. This study aimed to systematically review and meta-analyze the... 相似文献
36.
Lianne McTavish 《The Journal of medical humanities》2010,31(1):11-26
Visuality is a concept used to study vision as an historically and culturally specific activity. Curriculum in the medical humanities could address visuality by stressing how different kinds of practitioners and peoples learn how to see. This paper introduces the visual training promoted by the discipline of art history, analysing early modern French medical images of the unborn as a case study. The goal is to encourage medical practitioners to reflect on their own visual skills, comparing and contrasting them with the visual methodologies of art history. 相似文献
37.
Executive functions (EF) necessary for purposeful goal-directed activities undergo rapid change and development during the preschool years. However, of the few psychometrically valid measures of EF suitable for use with preschoolers, information on task sensitivity and predictive validity is scant. The neurodevelopmental correlates of early executive difficulties are also largely unknown. In this study, the discriminant and predictive validity of the recently developed Shape School task (Espy, Bull, Martin, & Stroup, 2006) was examined with data from a regional sample of 209 preschool children at age 4 years. A 2-tiered measurement approach was used, with task completion examined in addition to efficiency. Children's performance was also examined in relation to functioning in a range of neurodevelopmental domains. The Shape School task showed some usefulness in capturing expected differences between at-risk and typically developing children. Performance loaded heavily on language and global cognitive abilities. However, several other factors were also implicated, including attention, motor skills, and ocular control. In addition, task completion and efficiency scores appeared to reflect different aspects of performance, and their associations with neurodevelopmental function and later academic achievement on the Woodcock-Johnson Tests of Achievement at age 6 years also differed. Implications for the application of the Shape School task are discussed. 相似文献
38.
Solomon M Frank MJ Smith AC Ly S Carter CS 《Cognitive, affective & behavioral neuroscience》2011,11(3):437-449
Individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) exhibit intact rote learning with impaired generalization. A transitive
inference paradigm, involving training on four sequentially presented stimulus pairs containing overlapping items, with subsequent
testing on two novel pairs, was used to investigate this pattern of learning in 27 young adults with ASDs and 31 matched neurotypical
individuals (TYPs). On the basis of findings about memory and neuropathology, we hypothesized that individuals with ASDs would
use a relational flexibility/conjunctive strategy reliant on an intact hippocampus, versus an associative strength/value transfer strategy requiring intact interactions between the prefrontal cortex and the striatum. Hypotheses were largely confirmed.
ASDs demonstrated reduced interference from intervening pairs in early training; only TYPs formed a serial position curve
by test; and ASDs exhibited impairments on the novel test pair consisting of end items with intact performance on the inner
test pair. However, comparable serial position curves formed for both groups by the end of the first block. 相似文献
39.
While there has been steady progress in identifying psychophysiological traits associated with psychopathy, most of the existing research has been carried out using incarcerated male participants, and data that include females are particularly rare. This study examined both affective startle blink modulation and P3 amplitude in a sample of female undergraduates grouped by scores on the Psychopathic Personality Inventory-Revised (PPI-R). Those scoring high for psychopathic traits lacked startle blink potentiation and demonstrated larger P3 amplitudes during auditory and visual oddball tasks. These data support the generalizability of deficient startle potentiation to non-incarcerated females with psychopathic traits, and add to a growing body of literature suggesting that psychopathic traits are associated with distinctive information-processing characteristics as indexed by P3 amplitude. 相似文献
40.
Helfritz Laura E. Stanford Matthew S. Conklin Sarah M. Greve Kevin W. Villemarette-Pittman Nicole R. Houston Rebecca J. 《The Psychological record》2006,56(2):171-180
The Psychological Record - Clinical assessment of domestic violence has traditionally relied on self-report methods of data collection, using structured interviews and lengthy questionnaires such... 相似文献