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391.
气质的稳定性和发展性是心理学研究争论已久的问题。遗传×环境的研究视角再次打破了传统研究模式,取而代之的是气质稳定性与发展性的共存,遵循传统先天论——环境论——先天论——先天论×环境论的总体发展态势。该视角在拓展气质研究领域的同时,也成为未来研究的主要取向。本文首先综述了由于研究手段的更新和多元化而引发的气质稳定性和发展性两方面的最新实证研究,探讨了稳定性中遗传基因加性效应和非加性效应、脑生理基础以及个体气质发展性的内部、外部影响因素。然后,从研究样本的年龄段、气质的生理机制和儿童气质的纵向研究、亲子互动及师生互动方面的研究等方面提出目前我国气质研究未来方向。 相似文献
392.
从团队创新内在动力视角出发,考察了群体潜能与团队绩效间的关系,并探索了转换型领导力对该作用过程的影响。研究发现:群体潜能与团队创新绩效有显著的正相关关系,该关系受到转换型领导力的调节,高水平的转换型领导力会增强两者的联系,低水平的转换型领导力会减弱两者的联系。 相似文献
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In a fuzzy multiple criteria decision‐making (MCDM) problem, with a hierarchical structure of more than two levels and involving multiple decision‐makers (DMs), to find the exact membership functions of the final aggregation ratings of all feasible alternatives is almost impossible. Thus, ranking methods based on exact membership functions cannot be utilized to rank the feasible alternatives and complete the optimal selection. To resolve the above‐mentioned complexity and to incorporate assessments of all DMs' viewpoints, in this paper a fuzzy MCDM method with multiple DMs, based on the concepts of fuzzy set theory and α‐cut, is developed. This method incorporates a number of perspectives on how to approach the fuzzy MCDM problem with multiple DMs, as follows: (1) combining quantitative and qualitative criteria as well as negative and positive ones; (2) using the generalized means to develop the aggregation method of multiple DMs' opinions; (3) incorporating the risk attitude index β to convey the total risk attitude of all DMs by using the estimation data obtained at the data input stage; (4) employing the algebraic operations of fuzzy numbers based on the concept of α‐cut to calculate the final aggregation ratings and develop a matching ranking method for proposed fuzzy MCDM method with multiple DMs. Furthermore, we use this method to survey the site selection for free port zone (FPZ) in Taiwan as an empirical study to demonstrate the proposed fuzzy MCDM algorithm. The result of this empirical investigation shows that the port of Kaohsiung, the largest international port of Taiwan as well as the sixth container port in the world in 2004, is optimal for the Taiwan government in enacting the plan of FPZ. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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396.
Liang Zhao 《Current psychology (New Brunswick, N.J.)》2017,36(4):833-839
Previous studies have shown that observation of object automatically elicits the activation of a reach-to-grasp response specifically directed to interact with the object, which is termed affordance. Recent findings provide evidences that even dangerous objects can evoke aversive affordances. However, these studies only focused on avoidance effect emerged with dangerous objects. It remains unclear whether the neutral object and dangerous object share a common mechanism for the processing of affordance information. The affordance effect is considered to be a type of conflict between the afforded response and the response required by the task. In a symbol judgment task, we simultaneously presented the neutral object and dangerous object to investigate whether the congruency sequence effects (congruency effects following incongruent trials are smaller than those following congruent trials) occurred across the two types of affordance conflict, which is typically assumed that such flexible adjustments can only be observed between the same conflict types. It was found that congruency sequence effects were only generated between the same types of affordance conflict (e.g., neutral object or dangerous object), but not between two different affordance conflict types (e.g., neutral object and dangerous object). These results indicate there may be two different pathways for the processing of affordance of the neutral and dangerous object. 相似文献
397.
Shin-Guang Liang 《European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology》2017,26(3):434-443
Drawing on self-consistency and self-concept-based theories, this study examined the antecedents and outcomes of authentic leadership. Specifically, the mediating roles that authentic leadership and organization-based self-esteem (OBSE) play in translating leader authentic personality into employee voice behaviour were investigated. The results, from a sample of 408 subordinate–supervisor dyads from Taiwan, provide evidence of a positive relationship for leader authentic personality with direct reports’ ratings of the leaders’ authentic leadership. In addition, authentic leadership was found to influence subordinates’ voice behaviour, as rated by subordinates’ immediate supervisors; notably, this relationship was partially mediated by the subordinates’ perceptions of OBSE. Furthermore, leader authentic personality was indirectly related to subordinates’ voice behaviour through the mediating influence of authentic leadership and, in turn, subordinates’ perceptions of OBSE. The implications of these results for leadership research and practice, as well as directions for future research, are also presented in this paper. 相似文献
398.
Set points of positivity ratio for different levels of well‐being: A latent profile analysis
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Shi‐Min Chen Liang Gao Ying Zhang Pei‐Zhen Sun 《Asian Journal of Social Psychology》2017,20(3-4):211-220
Previous studies have explored the set points of the positivity ratio by grouping according to predetermined cut‐off scores, resulting in inconsistent criteria and unstable results. This study intends to further explore the set points of the positivity ratio using latent profile analysis. Two samples of 716 college students and 381 adults in China completed the Questionnaire for Eudaimonic Well‐Being, the Personal Growth Subscale from Ryff's Psychological Well‐being Scale, the Need Satisfaction Questionnaire, and the Emotional Experience of Well‐Being Questionnaire. College students were classified into four classes (2.0, 2.8, 3.7 and 5.0) with the set points of the positivity ratio, whereas adults were classified into three classes (1.9, 2.9 and 4.2) with the set points of the positivity ratio. The difference of the set points between college students and adults was nonsignificant for medium and high well‐being classes, and significant with a small effect size for the higher well‐being class. Future research should examine more diverse samples and combine the real experience method to further explore the set points of the positivity ratio. 相似文献
399.
为验证和探讨生涯适应力对创业意识的影响作用,采用问卷调查的方式对426名大四本科生的生涯适应力与创业效能感和创业意向的关系进行了实证研究。结果表明:当前的经济形势和职业环境催促着我国大学生生涯适应力的发展;大学生的生涯适应力既能直接的预测创业意向,也能通过创业效能感间接的预测创业意向;积极的生涯关注是大学生领悟和内化"创业角色"从而增强创业效能感和创业意向的关键因素。生涯适应力是影响大学生创业意向形成和发展的重要心理资源。将生涯适应力开发融入我国高校的创业教育有助于大学生创业意识的提升。 相似文献
400.
Belle Liang Allison White Angela M. DeSilva Mousseau Alexandra Hasse Leah Knight Danielle Berado 《The journal of positive psychology》2017,12(3):281-294
AbstractCollege preparation programs, such as College Bound, aim to increase low-income students’ preparation for achieving future goals. Yet, little research has examined the nature of these students’ future goals and purposes from their own perspectives. In this study, in-depth interviews with 10 adolescents (six males and four females) participating in College Bound were analyzed using a qualitative approach informed by grounded theory. Four interrelated themes related to the development of youth purpose emerged: (a) people; (b) propensity; (c) passion; and (d) prosocial benefits. These themes were further categorized across two major dimensions: influences (i.e. capability and motivation) and sources of such influences (i.e. intrinsic and extrinsic). Moreover, ways in which students’ unique social contexts contributed to their experiences of purpose are discussed. Findings inform an understanding of the development of purpose in underrepresented youth, as well as provide insights for programs designed to promote their positive development and post-secondary school success. 相似文献