大鼠作业成绩与脑内亮氨酸脑啡肽含量变化的相关性研究

本工作采用穿梭式电击回避反应法和脑啡肽的放射免疫测定法,分析比较了大鼠作业成绩与脑内壳氨酸脑啡肽(Leu-enkephalin,LEK)含量的关系,在本实验条件下,观察到作业成绩不良组纹状体内LEK含量显著高于成绩优良组和对照组,并由实验证明,它们之间的差异不是由于在实验中接受电击的次数或电击总量不同造成的。这一结果提示,内源性亮氨酸脑啡肽可能参与记忆获得的调制。     

汉字词匹配的偏侧化效应和事件相关脑电位

本研究用音同或形似汉字词对为材料检验大脑半球偏侧化问题。反应时的结果表明音同材料是右视野左半球优势,形似材料是左视野右半球优势。ERP的振幅(特别是P_(300))在音同条件下左半球比右半球显著的小,而在形似材料条件下左右半球无大差别。在两种材料的条件下,ERP潜伏期在左右半球之间也没有显出任何差别。实验结果表明左半球与汉字词匹配时的语音编码有关,而ERP(P_(300))似乎可以做它的一个有效指标。     

Structural integration of the Affect Balance Scale and the Life Satisfaction Index A: race, sex, and age differences

In this research we examined race, sex, and age differences in the factorial structure of Liang's (1985) model of subjective well-being that integrates the Affect Balance Scale and the Life Satisfaction Index A. In particular, we viewed the covariance structure of the items as a function of several parameter matrices. We analyzed the factorial invariance by testing hypotheses involving the equivalence constraints of one or more parameter matrices with regard to the following: White and Black subsamples, men and women, and the young-old and the old-old. Data for the research came from the 1974 Harris National Council on Aging Survey, Myths and Reality of Aging in America. Analysis of covariance structures, or LISREL, was used to assess the factorial invariance. Replicated race differences were found in the factorial structure, but sex and age differences were not found. Consistent race differences were found for the second-order factor loadings for negative affect.     

繁殖群中婴幼川金丝猴社会关系发展的个案研究

使用瞬时取样法,对繁殖笼内出生的两只婴幼川金丝猴进行连续22个月的行为记录。结果表明,川金丝猴婴猴断乳大约在19—20月龄;断乳表现为母婴之间矛盾冲突的过程;群内其他雌性对初生婴儿表现出明显的抢婴、护婴和育婴行为;父亲对婴幼猴表现出接纳和容忍的态度;婴儿在断乳前是群内全体成员保护和爱护的对象,以后开始进入社会关系网,受到成年个体的责备,但很轻微;雌性幼猴在32月龄时尚未被记录到对群内成员表现威胁、蜷缩和匍伏等行为模式。     

HUMANITY IN THE WORLD OF LIFE

Abstract. The position and role of humanity in the world of life is examined in the light of the ontological structure of life itself. This problem is approached by considering the possible units of life representing various modes of life phenomena. I argue that the only meaningful unit of life without interposing some special external conditions is "global life" framed in a star-planet system. Any other possible unit of life exhibited by various kinds of individuals is conditional in the sense that it would leave out an essential part as "co-life." The relationship between human being and the global life should be understood in this general scheme of individual and global life. It is emphasized, however, that human being occupies a unique position in global life in the sense that humanity can promote either a cancerous situation or a healthy higher-order enhancement of the global life.     

汉字读音中的音似与形似启动效应

本研究使用启动命名法,对汉字读音过程中的音似和形似启动效应进行了初步探讨。结果发现,音和形都相似的启动字和目标字之间存在着显著的启动效应。关于字音和字形的相对作用,在本研究中音似启动效应显著,表明汉语读者的心理词典结构中存在着语音联结通路。形似启动效应不显著,但字形的启动作用值得进一步研究。     

235个图形的命名一致性、熟悉性、表象一致性和视觉复杂性评定

本研究使用命名法和量表评定法,分别对235个图形的命名一致性、熟悉性、表象一致性和视觉复杂性进行了测试。被试为142名大学生,集体施测。结果发现,除命名一致性指标相对较低外,其它三项指标与国外研究结果很接近,表明这套图形基本上是适合我国被试的。相关分析表明,四项指标是不同质的,它们的设置是必要的。其中,熟悉性和命名一致性两个指标是在各种图形实验设计中需要特别注意的。