31例眼睑恶性肿瘤切除后Ⅰ期修复的总结

眼睑恶性肿瘤切除术后,眼睑修复时机的选择,对保持眼睑功能和美容的效果起着十分重要的作用,术式的选择是决定手术成功关键。采用眼睑全层缺损行异体巩膜片移植,替代睑板、滑行球结膜瓣前徙替代睑结膜的眼睑再造术,对31例眼睑恶性肿瘤切除,同时进行眼睑再造术。术后无排斥反应,眼睑闭合良好,外形满意。结论认为,较大范围的眼睑恶性肿瘤切除的患者,采用异体巩膜片移植、滑行结膜瓣前徙眼睑再造术能达到保持眼睑功能和美容的效果,是理想的眼睑恶性肿瘤切除后Ⅰ期修复临床决策。     

HERG钾通道抑制——祸兮？福兮？

过去的10多年,许多药物由于引起QT闯期延长被撤市或限制使用,原因可能是HERG钾通道受到抑制,可诱发致死性心律失常。抑制HERG钾通道的药物因而成为临床用药的潜在祸患。另一方面,HERG钾通道还参与癌症和骨骼肌萎缩的发病过程,提示HERG钾通道抑制荆可能对这些疾病具有潜在治疗价值。HERG钾通道抑制究竟是“祸”还是“福”呢？本文就这一现象进行讨论。     

12-20岁个体前瞻记忆的发展与影响因素的研究

以334名12～20岁个体为被试,采用两因素混合设计,探讨这一年龄阶段个体前瞻记忆的发展及影响因素。结果发现,被试前瞻记忆水平随年龄增长而提高,且在14～16岁发展最快;提高基于时间的前瞻记忆负载,会使前瞻记忆成绩降低;前瞻记忆与当前任务的完成呈负相关。表明前瞻记忆是一种策略加工过程。     

Mediating effect of cooperative norm in predicting organizational citizenship behaviors from procedural justice climate

Although the relationships between procedural justice climate and organizational citizenship behaviors have been examined in recent years, little research has explored the mechanism by which procedural justice climate shapes individual employee prosocial behaviors in the workplace. The purpose of this study was to examine the mediating role of a group-level cooperative norm on the relationships between the group-level procedural justice climate and individual-level organizational citizenship behaviors. The survey involved 45 work groups in four different industry fields in Taiwan, including manufacturing, technology, banking, and insurance, and each of the groups was composed of one supervisor and three subordinates. Cross-level analyses using hierarchical linear modeling (HLM) indicated that the cooperative norm fully mediated the relationship between procedural justice climate and individual helping behaviors. Procedural justice climate indirectly affects individual helping behaviors through their effects on the cooperative norm.     

Differences in influence between pitched-from-vertical lines and slanted-from-frontal horizontal lines on egocentric localization

The visual field exerts powerful effects on egocentric spatial localization along both horizontal and vertical dimensions. Thus, (1) prism-produced visual pitch and visual slant generate similar mislocalizations of visually perceived eye level (VPEL) and visually perceived straight ahead (VPSA) and (2) in darkness curare-produced extraocular muscle paresis under eccentric gaze generates similar mislocalizations in VPEL and VPSA that are essentially eliminated by introducing a normal visual field. In the present experiments, however, a search for influences of real visual slant on VPSA to correspond to the influences of visual pitch on VPEL failed to find one. Although the elevation corresponding to VPEL changes linearly with the pitch of a visual field consisting of two isolated 66.5°-long pitched-from-vertical lines, the corresponding manipulation of change in the slant of either a horizontal two-line or a horizontal four-line visual field on VPSA did not occur. The average slope of the VPEL-versus-pitch function across 5 subjects was +0.40 over a ±30° pitch range, but was indistinguishable from 0.00 for the VPSA-versus-slant function over a ±30° slant range. Possible contributions to the difference between susceptibility of VPEL and VPSA to visual influence from extraretinal eye position information, gravity, and several retinal gradients are discussed.     

Association between individual differences in non-symbolic number acuity and math performance: A meta-analysis

Many recent studies have examined the association between number acuity, which is the ability to rapidly and non-symbolically estimate the quantity of items appearing in a scene, and symbolic math performance. However, various contradictory results have been reported. To comprehensively evaluate the association between number acuity and symbolic math performance, we conduct a meta-analysis to synthesize the results observed in previous studies. First, a meta-analysis of cross-sectional studies (36 samples, N = 4705) revealed a significant positive correlation between these skills (r = 0.20, 95% CI = [0.14, 0.26]); the association remained after considering other potential moderators (e.g., whether general cognitive abilities were controlled). Moreover, a meta-analysis of longitudinal studies revealed 1) that number acuity may prospectively predict later math performance (r = 0.24, 95% CI = [0.11, 0.37]; 6 samples) and 2) that number acuity is retrospectively correlated to early math performance as well (r = 0.17, 95% CI = [0.07, 0.26]; 5 samples). In summary, these pieces of evidence demonstrate a moderate but statistically significant association between number acuity and math performance. Based on the estimated effect sizes, power analyses were conducted, which suggested that many previous studies were underpowered due to small sample sizes. This may account for the disparity between findings in the literature, at least in part. Finally, the theoretical and practical implications of our meta-analytic findings are presented, and future research questions are discussed.     

反映还是形成？平行还是层级？PSM的模型建构与检验

在心理学领域,传统的多指标潜变量的测量模型大都采用反映性建构,各指标反映了潜在构念,构念是各指标的原因.但实际上有些构念应该采用形成性建构,各指标是原因,形成了潜在构念.建构方式的选择不仅要从理论来考虑,还要通过数据特征来决定.研究以公共服务动机（PSM）构念为例,通过公益投资游戏取得投资绩效和满意度效标,验证了先前研究提出的“一阶反映二阶形成”建构模式,并进一步检验了层级性建构方式的优势,有助于PSM理论框架与实证测量的统一.     

新农合制度调整前后豫北地区腹膜透析患者透析质量的比较

腹膜透析是终末期肾脏病的有效替代治疗方法之一。2012年4月,河南省对包括慢性肾衰竭在内的六种疾病的新农合报销比例做出重大调整,腹透患者主要经济花费的透析液报销比例由原来的40％提高至80％。通过研究新农合制度调整前后豫北地区腹膜透析患者的临床资料,报告了制度调整后的患者透析充分性提高,贫血、营养状况较前好转,心血管疾病发生率下降,生存质量改善的现况,论证了老龄、糖尿病、营养不良、心血管疾病、透析不充分、较低的医疗保险支付比例是影响腹膜透析患者预后的重要因素,为腹膜透析患者的预后分析提供了理论依据。     

Temporal integration of speech prosody is shaped by language experience: an fMRI study

Differences in hemispheric functions underlying speech perception may be related to the size of temporal integration windows over which prosodic features (e.g., pitch) span in the speech signal. Chinese tone and intonation, both signaled by variations in pitch contours, span over shorter (local) and longer (global) temporal domains, respectively. This cross-linguistic (Chinese and English) study uses functional magnetic resonance imaging to show that pitch contours associated with tones are processed in the left hemisphere by Chinese listeners only, whereas pitch contours associated with intonation are processed predominantly in the right hemisphere. These findings argue against the view that all aspects of speech prosody are lateralized to the right hemisphere, and promote the idea that varying-sized temporal integration windows reflect a neurobiological adaptation to meet the 'prosodic needs' of a particular language.     

心理账户和薪酬激励的实验研究

心理账户是人们在心理上对结果,尤其是经济结果的编码,分类和估价的过程,它反映了人们在进行资金财富决策过程中的心理认知过程。心理账户有着有别于经济账户的运算法则。实验研究发现,改变薪酬的预期参照点,可以改变人们对同一结果的认知评价,从而达到不同的激励效果;低金额奖酬时人们倾向于选择物品,而高金额奖酬是人们倾向与选择现金。