How mindfulness affects benign and malicious envy from the perspective of the mindfulness reperceiving model

At present, mindfulness is a hotspot in psychological research. Mindfulness is an effective tool that enables people to effectively inhibit negative emotions. Previous studies have shown that envy is a typical negative emotion; however, envy can be divided into two completely different types: benign envy and malicious envy. The question then arises, how does mindfulness affect both types of envy? Using a mindfulness reperceiving model, we explored the effect of mindfulness on these two different types of envy and on the mediating mechanism of psychological resilience. To accomplish this, we recruited 676 Chinese undergraduates to complete the Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS), the Benign and Malicious Envy Scale (BEMAS) and the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC). The results we obtained showed that mindfulness and psychological resilience significantly and negatively predicted malicious envy and that psychological resilience played a partially mediating role in the relationship. In addition, the results showed that there was no significant effect between mindfulness and benign envy; however, psychological resilience can significantly and positively predict benign envy and played a completely mediating role between mindfulness and benign envy. These results effectively extend theories based on the mindfulness reperceiving model while also being important for promoting benign envy and inhibiting malicious envy in terms of improving mindfulness and psychological resilience.     

现代美德伦理学的物理主义挑战及其回应

现代美德伦理学对于道德心理问题有着特殊的兴趣和重视。它对现代规则伦理学的批评以及由此获得的吸引力,在很大程度上与它对行为者心理状况的深入理解相关。然而,现代美德伦理学提出的心理知识必须接受现代心理科学的考察与评判。在经验证据的基础上,追求经验性和实证性并最终对包括心理现象做出物理主义的还原和解释,是现代心理科学的抱负与诉求。但是,这种物理主义挑战错误地判断了心理现象与生理现象之间的关系,在两者之间建立一种并不充分的因果联系。作为某种心理状态的美德品质,既不能也无须被还原为或等同于物理的脑神经活动。关于心灵问题的物理主义还原论立场,无论是在科学上还是在哲学上,都是不充分的。     

Relation matters: relative depth order is stored in working memory for depth

Psychonomic Bulletin & Review - Working memory is considered as a cognitive memory buffer for temporarily holding, processing, and manipulating information. Although working memory for verbal...     

Young children are more likely to cheat after overhearing that a classmate is smart

Research on moral socialization has largely focused on the role of direct communication and has almost completely ignored a potentially rich source of social influence: evaluative comments that children overhear. We examined for the first time whether overheard comments can shape children's moral behavior. Three‐ and 5‐year‐old children (N = 200) participated in a guessing game in which they were instructed not to cheat by peeking. We randomly assigned children to a condition in which they overheard an experimenter tell another adult that a classmate who was no longer present is smart, or to a control condition in which the overheard conversation consisted of non‐social information. We found that 5‐year‐olds, but not 3‐year‐olds, cheated significantly more often if they overheard the classmate praised for being smart. These findings show that the effects of ability praise can spread far beyond the intended recipient to influence the behavior of children who are mere observers, and they suggest that overheard evaluative comments can be an important force in shaping moral development.     

The Effects of Anti-corruption Campaign on Research Grant Reimbursement: Regression Discontinuity Evidence from China

Science and Engineering Ethics - Integrity and research ethics are cherished institutions in academic world. Although most societies have rules and codes that govern ethical conducts in research,...     

自由与美德的双重政治——亚里士多德的政治概念

亚里士多德探讨政治概念,是在统治的视角下进行的,需要区分家长统治、主人统治(专制)、政治统治,以此来凸显政治具有的自由与美德的双重特点。其中,自由是底线性原则,美德是主导性原则。政治的双重性落在公民身上,就是既要统治又要被统治,因此政治被希腊人认为是他们独有的。自由就意味着法治,法治也体现基于美德的分配正义;同时,政治背后既有自然基础,也有某种超越性。只有讨论了政治概念,才能回答什么是最佳政体的问题。只有贵族制兼顾自由与美德,是严格的政治统治也就是最佳政体。其他政体,要么是缺少自由的家长统治(君王制),要么是自由与美德都缺的主人统治(僭主制),或是有部分自由(共和制、民主制、寡头制),都不是最佳政体。     

FN400和N400是相同的ERP成分：来自图形材料的证据

本研究通过比较记忆编码阶段语义启动引起的N400效应和提取阶段熟悉性引起的FN400效应的地形图考察图形材料诱发的N400和FN400是否是相同的ERP成分。实验结果发现,语义启动引起的N400效应和熟悉性引起的FN400效应的地形图没有显著差异。这说明图形材料诱发的FN400和N400是相同的ERP成分,两者都反映了语义加工。本研究为FN400效应反映了语义启动而不是熟悉性的观点提供了新的实验证据。     

非平衡中-英双语者言语产生中非目标语言的语音激活

采用改造的图片命名启动范式考察非平衡中-英双语者在言语产生中非目标语言的语音激活范围。实验1探讨在准备用汉语命名图片后,英语词汇的语音激活。结果发现,英语语音一致词的命名反应快于语音相关词和语音无关词,且语音相关词的命名反应快于语音无关词,说明在一语的产生过程中,二语对等词和相关词的语音都得到了激活。实验2探讨在准备用英语命名图片后,汉语词汇的语音激活。结果发现,汉语语音一致词的命名反应快于语音相关词和语音无关词,而语音相关词与语音无关词之间的命名反应没有显著差异,说明在二语的产生过程中,只有一语对等词的语音得到了激活。总结果表明,非平衡中-英双语者使用目标语言时,非目标语言的语音也可以得到激活,并且激活范围可能受非目标语言熟练水平的影响。     

近代乡绅劣化的成因——以苏北为个案的研究

民国时期,在全国范围内普遍出现了传统乡绅阶层劣化的现象,这是传统社会控制结构失衡之后的特殊产物.本文以苏北地区为例,对近代苏北乡绅劣化的成因进行分析,认为主要因素有四,即:19世纪中期以来的中央政权控制力的下降、传统乡村绅士阶层的分化、乡村权威的武化和封闭落后的地理环境等.     

Matching faces and expressions in pixelated and blurred photos

Matching the emotional expressions of pairs of face photos was slower with pixelated and blurred photos than with original, untransformed photos. Matching the identities of the same face pairs was unaffected by pixelation and blurring. Because pixelation and blurring degrade higher spatial frequencies carrying edge-based information that define feature shape more than lower frequencies carrying configural properties, these findings converge with findings for line drawings and negative photos in showing that expression and face recognition processes differ in their reliance on edge-based and configural information.