轻度认知功能障碍的防治决策

轻度认知功能障碍(mild cognitive i mpairment,MCI)被认为是阿尔茨海默病(alzhei mer disease,AD)的极早期。AD的防治需从MCI开始,早期发现,早期干预,以便延缓和阻止AD的发生。目前我国MCI具有就诊率低,诊断率低,治疗率低和漏诊率高的特点。临床研究要改变MCI三低一高的状况,医师及民众要提高对MCI的认识,应该采取重在预防,重视筛查,早期诊断,早期治疗的决策,可以延迟和阻止AD的发生。     

人格特质与主观幸福感:情绪调节的中介作用

通过对1163名大学生被试进行人格特质、情绪调节策略的使用以及主观幸福感的测查,本研究探讨了气质性人格特质(神经质和外倾性)这种稳定的内在心理结构对主观幸福感产生影响的可能机制。结果发现:(1)除直接影响个体的主观幸福感外,神经质和外倾性还会通过重新评价策略的使用间接影响主观幸福感;(2)人格特质和重新评价策略的使用可以有效预测个体主观幸福感的变异;(3)习惯性地使用表达抑制策略对个体的主观幸福感并没有显著的影响。这些结果表明重新评价策略的使用在人格特质对主观幸福感的影响中具有重要的中介作用。该发现对进一步制定改善和提高个体的主观幸福感的干预措施具有重要的启示和指导意义。     

对"以病人为中心"的新思考

随着生物医学模式的转变,传统的医院服务理念已不再适应当前医院服务的需要,医院服务的理念已由传统的"以疾病为中心"的服务模式转变为"以病人为中心"的服务模式.但在"以病人为中心"的实行过程中,患者对医疗服务满意度却越来越低,从四个角度提出对"以病人为中心"的新思考.     

汉语儿童的语音加工技能与其单词朗读技能的关系研究

以121名小学五年级学生为被试,采用测验法,考察了汉语儿童的语音技工技能与其英文单词朗读技能的关系。结果表明:语音加工技能的三种成分均能够对英文单词朗读技能产生影响,其中,语音意识对单词朗读技能具有重要影响,快速命名能力和语音工作记忆也能够对单词朗读技能产生影响。     

智力落后儿童听觉注意的稳定性研究

本研究通过对智力落后儿童和正常儿童听觉注意稳定性的比较研究,探索智力落后儿童听觉注意稳定性的特点及影响因素。结果表明:4岁智龄组智力落后儿童听觉注意稳定性较弱,低于或等于同智龄组正常儿童水平。智力落后儿童慢速和快速情境下的注意稳定性高于中速。信噪比也影响注意的稳定性,信噪比越低,注意稳定性越差。频率因素对智力落后儿童的影响不显著。     

从“富士康事件”看员工自杀心理及其预防

最近,富士康集团发生的一系列"跳楼"事件,将这个"代工巨人"推向了舆论的风口浪尖。究竟是工作压力过大还是另有隐情?是个人原因还是企业文化的问题?再反观近几年华为、交通银行、移动公司等一系列的自杀事件,根源又是什么?本文将结合"富士康事件"从心理学角度探讨自杀者所具有的一般心理特征,并就自杀的预防提出了一些建议和对策。     

父母严厉管教与儿童问题行为的关系:儿童自我控制的中介作用

为探讨父母严厉管教、儿童自我控制与儿童问题行为间的关系,采用中文版亲子冲突解决策略量表、社会技能评定量表和儿童行为核查量表对济南市两所公立学校的1097名小学四到六年级儿童及其父母双亲进行测查。结果发现：（1）父母心理攻击和体罚与儿童自我控制均呈显著负相关,与儿童内化和外化问题行为均呈显著正相关,儿童自我控制与其内化和外化问题行为均呈显著负相关;（2）父亲心理攻击可以显著正向预测儿童内化和外化问题行为,母亲体罚可以显著正向预测儿童外化问题行为;（3）儿童自我控制在父亲心理攻击和母亲体罚与儿童内外化问题行为之间起中介作用,在母亲心理攻击和父亲体罚与儿童内外化问题行为关系间的中介作用不显著,中介作用模型不存在显著的儿童性别差异。综上,本研究发现父母严厉管教不仅直接影响儿童的内外化问题行为,而且会通过降低儿童自我控制水平间接导致儿童问题行为的增多。     

Attachment experience and cortisol recovery from romantic conflict among young Chinese couples: A dyadic analysis

Using a sample of young adults, the present study investigated how the participants' attachment to romantic partners was related to that with their parents and peers and how this specific attachment experience was associated with their physiological stress response. We examined 121 pairs of young Chinese (N = 242) heterosexual couples (men's age: 22.26 ± 2.40; women's age: 21.62 ± 2.22) and their attachment to parents, peers, and romantic partners as well as their cortisol recovery from romantic conflict. Robust actor–partner interdependence mediation models showed that women's insecure parental and peer attachment was associated with blunted cortisol recovery from romantic stress through their fearful attachment with romantic partners, whereas men's insecure parental and peer attachment was associated with their partners' adaptive cortisol recovery from romantic stress through their fearful romantic attachment. These findings suggested that women's hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal-axis functioning seemed to be more strongly associated with their own and their partners' attachment relationships compared to men.     

How mindfulness affects benign and malicious envy from the perspective of the mindfulness reperceiving model

At present, mindfulness is a hotspot in psychological research. Mindfulness is an effective tool that enables people to effectively inhibit negative emotions. Previous studies have shown that envy is a typical negative emotion; however, envy can be divided into two completely different types: benign envy and malicious envy. The question then arises, how does mindfulness affect both types of envy? Using a mindfulness reperceiving model, we explored the effect of mindfulness on these two different types of envy and on the mediating mechanism of psychological resilience. To accomplish this, we recruited 676 Chinese undergraduates to complete the Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS), the Benign and Malicious Envy Scale (BEMAS) and the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC). The results we obtained showed that mindfulness and psychological resilience significantly and negatively predicted malicious envy and that psychological resilience played a partially mediating role in the relationship. In addition, the results showed that there was no significant effect between mindfulness and benign envy; however, psychological resilience can significantly and positively predict benign envy and played a completely mediating role between mindfulness and benign envy. These results effectively extend theories based on the mindfulness reperceiving model while also being important for promoting benign envy and inhibiting malicious envy in terms of improving mindfulness and psychological resilience.     

6～8岁儿童同伴互动及与父亲教养方式的关系

本研究对象为55名7岁左右的小学儿童。数据收集方式为自然情景下对儿童行为的录像观察．父亲教养方式采用Q分类卡片(CRPR．Block,1981)中译本进行测试。研究结果显示,女孩在集体游戏和同伴对话这些行为中所占的比例较高．而攻击行为则要明显少于男孩;女孩在同伴交往主动性上要优于男生;儿童同伴游戏的丰富性水平与父亲所报告的鼓励成就和鼓励独立的教养方式呈显著正相关;儿童同伴交往的主动性水平与父亲所报告的拒绝教养方式呈显著负相关。