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111.
Selective age-related differences in source memory relative to item memory, and individual differences in memory performance in relation to anxiety were explored with high- and low-anxious subjects screened from normal young and elderly adults. They were read false facts about the locations of well-known and unknown sights in a male or female voice. Intentional and incidental learning instructions were administered for source memory. Selective age-related deficits in source memory were observed under both encoding conditions. Higher level of anxiety was related to lower memory performance only in the old group; this relation was stronger in source recall. The findings suggest that the presence of such selectivity is unrelated to the tradeoff between item encoding and source encoding. Anxiety affects the variability, and mediates the selectivity of age effects on episodic memory. 相似文献
112.
By regarding the latent random vectors as hypothetical missing data and based on the conditional expectation of the complete-data
log-likelihood function in the EM algorithm, we investigate assessment of local influence of various perturbation schemes
in a nonlinear structural equation model. The basic building blocks of local influence analysis are computed via observations
of the latent variables generated by the Metropolis-Hastings algorithm, while the diagnostic measures are obtained via the
conformal normal curvature. Seven perturbation schemes, including some perturbation schemes on latent vectors, are investigated.
The proposed procedure is illustrated by a simulation study and a real example.
Acknowledgment: This research is fully supported by a grant (CUHK 4243/02H) from the Research Grant Council of the Hong Kong
Special Administration Region. The authors are indebted to ICPSR and the relevant funding agency for allowing use of their
data, and to the Editor and reviewers for their valuable comments for improving the paper. 相似文献
113.
Li J 《The American psychologist》2003,58(2):146-7; discussion 148-9
114.
Temporal integration of speech prosody is shaped by language experience: an fMRI study 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Gandour J Dzemidzic M Wong D Lowe M Tong Y Hsieh L Satthamnuwong N Lurito J 《Brain and language》2003,84(3):318-336
Differences in hemispheric functions underlying speech perception may be related to the size of temporal integration windows over which prosodic features (e.g., pitch) span in the speech signal. Chinese tone and intonation, both signaled by variations in pitch contours, span over shorter (local) and longer (global) temporal domains, respectively. This cross-linguistic (Chinese and English) study uses functional magnetic resonance imaging to show that pitch contours associated with tones are processed in the left hemisphere by Chinese listeners only, whereas pitch contours associated with intonation are processed predominantly in the right hemisphere. These findings argue against the view that all aspects of speech prosody are lateralized to the right hemisphere, and promote the idea that varying-sized temporal integration windows reflect a neurobiological adaptation to meet the 'prosodic needs' of a particular language. 相似文献
115.
This study tested Annett's right-shift theory on spatial ability with two samples from China. The Vandenberg Mental Rotation Test (MRT), Edinburgh Handedness Inventory, and Family Handedness Questionnaire were administered to 266 high school students and 297 undergraduates. We found very few r++ or r-- among Chinese students. Most Chinese are either moderately right-handed or ambidextrous. Consistent with Casey's finding, we found using different methods to classify handedness leads to different conclusions. However, we did not find the effect of familial handedness that Casey found. Visual strategy is related to success on the MRT but handedness is not. 相似文献
116.
Neonatal exposure to novel environment enhances hippocampal-dependent memory function during infancy and adulthood 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
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Tang AC 《Learning & memory (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.)》2001,8(5):257-264
Early life experience affects behavior and brain mechanisms. Handling rats during the first three weeks in life can slow age-related cognitive decline (as measured by a hippocampal-dependent spatial learning task) and reduce age-related hippocampal neuron loss. It is not clear, however, whether this early environmental influence on learning is selective for old age or is more general, affecting cognitive development during infancy and young adulthood as well. We briefly exposed neonatal rats to a novel non-home environment for 3 min daily during the first three weeks of life (as a component of the handling method). We found that this brief early environmental manipulation resulted in enhanced hippocampal-dependent learning immediately after weaning and that this learning enhancement persisted into adulthood. These results suggest that subtle early life events can affect cognitive development in all developmental stages and that changes in neural mechanisms other than neuron number are likely to mediate the learning enhancement at multiple developmental stages. 相似文献
117.
S Li 《Perceptual and motor skills》2001,93(1):124-126
Cultural and ethnic influence on proxemic behavior and invasions of personal space were investigated. 173 Chinese Singaporean undergraduates rated minimum interpersonal distance for perceived male intruders from four ethnic groups in Singapore--Malay, Indian, Chinese, and Caucasian. Rated distance scores ranked from "most distant" Indian Chinese dyads decreasing (in order of minimum distance) through Malay-Chinese. Caucasian-Chinese, and Chinese-Chinese dyads, independent of sex. 相似文献
118.
We present observations on the use of racial and cultural stereotypes in psychoanalytic psychotherapy with patients from the majority culture and with those from minority backgrounds. Earlier work has centered on black/white patient dyads and has not taken other possible combinations into account. "Race" and "culture" have sometimes been used synonymously. Our clinical experience indicates that there is some overlap in the themes of transferences to us as members of different racial minorities. We note, however, that for the African-American therapist, projections are more often based on racial stereotypes, whereas for the Chinese-American therapist, projections are based more on cultural assumptions. When careful attention is paid to the manifestations of racial and cultural stereotyping, much can be learned about the patient's inner life, to the benefit of the analytic work. 相似文献
119.
120.