不同自我和谐水平青少年的认知加工偏向

为了探究不同自我和谐水平青少年的认知加工特点,44名被试先后进行自我相关词语的点-探测任务和词语的再认任务,结果发现:(1)高自我和谐水平的青少年对自我相关的积极词表现出注意优先,低自我和谐水平的青少年对自我相关的消极词表现出注意优先,但两者注意偏向无显著差异;(2)高自我和谐水平的青少年对自我相关的积极词的再认反应时显著短于低自我和谐水平青少年的,对积极词表现出了记忆偏向;低自我和谐水平的青少年对自我相关的消极词、中性词的再认反应时显著短于对积极词的反应时,对消极词、中性词表现出了记忆偏向。因此,不同自我和谐水平的青少年在认知加工的记忆阶段存在特质一致性。     

Stability of the Positive Mood Effect on Creativity When Task Switching,Practice Effect,and Test Item Differences are Taken into Consideration

Although experimentally induced positive mood can generally last for 20 min and the induced mood is conducive to creative performance, it is still unclear whether the facilitation effect is stable during these 20 min. Two studies were conducted to examine this issue while controlling for the impacts of task switching, practice effect, and test item differences. In Study 1, participants (N = 42) were randomly assigned to positive, negative, and neutral mood conditions. After watching a short video clip, participants answered four items of the Alternate Uses Test (AUT) in 20 min, with 5 min allotted for each item. Creative performance during each 5‐min period was scored in terms of fluency and flexibility. Separate repeated‐measures analyses of variances on these creativity scores showed that positive mood consistently enhanced performance over 20 min. Study 2 further eliminated the effects of test item differences and test order. Participants (N = 131) underwent the same mood induction procedure and answered the same four items of the AUT, except that these items were presented in four different sequences in accordance with the Latin square design. Consistent with the findings in Study 1, Study 2 showed that the facilitation effect of positive mood lasted for 20 min when the interference of task switching, practice effect, and test item differences were minimized. This finding not only sheds light on the debate regarding the stability of experimentally induced positive mood effect, but also contributes to the body of empirical evidence that future studies may use to examine the positive mood effect over a relatively long period of time.     

Does a Nation's Religious Composition Affect Generalized Trust? The Role of Religious Heterogeneity and the Percent Religious

Is religion more of an integrative or a divisive force in contemporary societies? We use multilevel analyses of World Values Survey data from 77,409 individuals in 69 countries to examine how both the percent of the population that is religious and the religious heterogeneity of a country are related to generalized social trust, the willingness of individuals to trust “most people.” When we first examine the main effects of the percent religious and religious heterogeneity we find no evidence that either variable is related to trust in the ways predicted by major theories. However, the combination of these two variables has a huge negative relationship with trust. Countries that are both highly religious and religiously heterogeneous (diverse) have, on average, levels of trust that are only half the average levels of countries with other combinations of these two variables. The results have important implications for understanding the role of religion in modern societies.     

红色资源开发与社会主义核心价值体系教育

在新的形势下开发运用红色资源,充分挖掘和发挥红色资源的教育价值和育人功能,对于加强和创新社会主义核心价值体系教育具有十分重要的意义和独特的优势.当前,要创新红色资源开发运用的思路,并采取有效的实践策略加以实施,才能推动社会主义核心价值体系教育不断走向深入.     

复合运动刺激视觉追踪的初步研究

本实验采用多目标追踪和复合刺激研究范式,将注意追踪和知觉的整体优先性两个研究领域中存在的知觉组织规律相结合,对单一和多个复合刺激进行注意追踪研究.结果表明:在单一或多个复合刺激追踪过程中,同样遵循静态知觉组织原则;不同知觉组织形式对知觉加工有不同的影响,突出的颜色变化可以促进知觉组织加工.     

抗震救灾官兵心理健康状况及相关因素分析

了解参加抗震救援官兵的心理健康状况及相关因素,为进行心理危机干预提供科学依据。方法 采用症状自评量表（SCL-90）、简易应对方式问卷（SCSQ）、艾森克人格问卷简式量表中国版（EPQ-RSC）及军事应激症状核查表（PCL-M）,对空军某部抗震救援官兵进行心理测评。结果 消极应对和PCL-M总分与SCL-90总分及各因子分呈正相关（p＜0.01）;积极应对方式与PCL-M总分、SCL-90总分及4项因子分呈低相关（p＜0.01）;不同气质类型PCL-M总分及SCL-90各项统计指标之间均有显著性差异（p＜0.01）。结论 气质类型与应对方式对心理健康状况有很大影响,个别官兵应及时给予心理疏导     

迈尔论达尔文革命的实质

达尔文在150年前提出了以自然选择为首要机制的进化理论,引发了达尔文革命.本文主要分析迈尔关于达尔文革命的有关论述,揭示这场革命的实质,即,它不仅是一场科学革命,而且也是一场思想革命.它对西方传统观念的许多重要方面(设计论、宇宙目的论、人类中心论、本质主义等)提出了挑战.同时,迈尔还提出了"种群思维"、"物理主义"等概念,有助于人们理解达尔文思想的深刻内涵,并且从-个侧面反映出迈尔的科学观和科学哲学思想.     

公共政策制定程序对政策可接受性的影响

根据程序公正理论提出公共政策制定程序与公众对政策的可接受性的关系问题。研究一通过访谈不同领域的学者,初步揭示了公共政策及其制定程序存在的问题——对公共问题不敏感,解决问题的措施成效低。研究二用问卷调查公众对一个制定中的公共政策的态度,恰与政策制定者的愿望相反,公众并不认可政府解决问题的设想,也不认同政府举行的听证会的结果。研究三设计了一个非等组前后测准实验,在两个互联网站的电子公告板上比较根据不同的公共政策制定程序的政策的可接受性。结果证明,制定政策时了解公众态度可增强政策的针对性,提高解决问题措施的成效和可接受性     

镇静与镇痛在ICU机械通气患者中的应用变化

探讨ICU内机械通气患者应用镇痛剂、镇静剂及肌松剂的情况及其对机械通气和预后的影响。回顾性分析我院中心ICU2006年、2007年收治的244例行有创机械通气治疗超过48h患者的临床资料,并将患者分为2006年组和2007年纽,用统计软件分析患者在年龄、性别、入ICU时APACHEⅡ评分、血糖、血浆白蛋白、基础疾病,气管插管时间、机械通气时间、ICU住院天数、镇痛与镇静剂应用的时间、机械通气时是否使用肌松剂、Ramsay评分及病死率方面是否存在差别。统计分析显示2006年组和2007年组在年龄、性剐、入ICU时APACHEⅡ评分、血糖、血浆白蛋白、是否使用肌松剂及基础疾病方面无差别;与2006年组相比2007年组患者气管插管时间、机械通气时间及ICU住院天数均缩短,镇痛与镇静剂应用时间均缩短,Ramsay评分降低,病死率下降。提示对机械通气的危重症患者应合理使用镇痛剂与镇静剂。     

Co-induction of long-term potentiation and long-term depression at a central synapse in the leech

Most studies of long-term potentiation (LTP) have focused on potentiation induced by the activation of postsynaptic NMDA receptors (NMDARs). However, it is now apparent that NMDAR-dependent signaling processes are not the only form of LTP operating in the brain [Malenka, R. C., & Bear, M. F. (2004). LTP and LTD: An embarrassment of riches. Neuron, 44, 5–21]. Previously, we have observed that LTP in leech central synapses made by the touch mechanosensory neurons onto the S interneuron was NMDAR-independent [Burrell, B. D., & Sahley, C. L. (2004). Multiple forms of long-term potentiation and long-term depression converge on a single interneuron in the leech CNS. Journal of Neuroscience, 24, 4011–4019]. Here we examine the cellular mechanisms mediating T-to-S (T → S) LTP and find that its induction requires activation of metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs), voltage-dependent Ca²⁺ channels (VDCCs) and protein kinase C (PKC). Surprisingly, whenever LTP was pharmacologically inhibited, long-term depression (LTD) was observed at the tetanized synapse, indicating that LTP and LTD were activated at the same time in the same synaptic pathway. This co-induction of LTP and LTD likely plays an important role in activity-dependent regulation of synaptic transmission.