The effects of grammatic class and cue type on cueing responsiveness in aphasia

This study investigated the effects of two types of cues (semantic and phonemic) and two grammatic classes (noun and verb) on cueing responsiveness. Subjects consisted of 10 Broca's, 10 Wernicke's, 8 conduction, and 8 anomic aphasics. Cues were administered following failure to name on confrontation. Responsiveness to the two types of cues was dependent on aphasic type and grammatic class. Broca's and conduction aphasics responded better to phonemic cueing, while anomic aphasics were more responsive to semantic cueing. With regard to grammatic class, aphasics responded better to phonemic cueing on nouns; however, no significant difference between types of cues was demonstrated on verbs. Neuropsychological implications for the cueing and naming processes are discussed.     

聋哑儿童与正常儿童镜像书写的比较

本文选择了聋哑右利儿童113人和正常右利儿童133人,用八种书写方式书写八个汉字和阿拉伯数字1-10。结果表明;聋哑一年级学生出现的镜像书写人均人次比正常幼儿园儿童少,而其它年级间的比较则无显著性差异;聋哑9—10岁儿童比同年龄组的正常儿童所出现的镜像书写人次多,而在11—12岁组则无显著性差异。通过分析,提出了镜像书写可能存在两个关键期的假说,一是字体熟练程度的关键期,一般在受教育的最初1—2年;另一个是大脑对镜像书写的调节和控制关键期,一般在6岁左右。     

论数学能力的研究与认知理论的关系

本文对关于数学能力的实质的心理学研究作了历史的回顾,其中包括心理计量学、认知科学和心理学中的认知发展等几个领域的研究工作。文中揭示了在这几个领域的研究中存在着的几个共同问题。作者认为需要假借这些不同的研究领域中的研究方法,创造新的信息加工的方法以揭示数学能力及其发展的实质。     

六个月至三岁儿童用左右手抓物的实验研究

对300名6个月至3岁的儿童进行了抓物的实验。发现1岁以内儿童的左、右手率在50％上下,随年龄增长,右手率逐渐增加:1—1(1/2)岁为69.4％,1(1/2)—2岁为71.3％,2—2(1/2)岁为76.9％,2(1/2)—3岁为81.5％。男、女存在差异,男孩右手率较女孩高。实验中出现双手抓物现象,但1岁半后此现象迅速减少。父母双方或一方为左利者,其孩子的左手率比那些父母为右利者高。此外,孩子抓物时对不同颜色物品和玩具则呈现选择性倾向。     

采用构造玩具教学对幼儿创造力发展的影响

本研究采用自然实验法,探索采用构造玩具、进行启发儿童想象力的教学对发展幼儿创造力的作用。被试为50名均龄4岁8个月的寄宿幼儿园儿童,教学中纳入的变量为四种方法:(1)模仿-改进法;(2)改变模仿对象法;(3)模仿生活原型法;(4)改造生活原型法。控制班只采用模仿法进行教学。经过七个月的实验教学后,实验班儿童的一般智力和创造力都明显超过了控制班。测验资料证明,幼儿的一般智力占创造力之间,有0.4左右的正相关。     

Testing some attribution-emotion relations in the People's Republic of China

We conducted a questionnaire study to test the generality of attribution-emotion relations to individuals in the People's Republic of China. Replications of prior findings of studies conducted with American subjects were reported: (a) High effort and success enhanced interpersonal evaluations when ability, effort, and outcome information were provided; (b) affective communications of pity, anger, and guilt were respectively used to infer low ability, lack of effort, and teacher as causes of failure; (c) effort and ability levels were inferred from the presence or absence of anger reactions; and (d) controllable causes of a broken social contract were expected to result in anger from others. Chinese and American respondents also indicated what situations would arouse the affects of anger, guilt, pity, pride, and shame. We found no evidence for the characterization of Chinese as (a) emphasizing effort over ability as a cause of achievement outcomes or (b) de-emphasizing the importance of personal achievement and stressing group goals and accomplishments.     

双眼立体视觉的信息加工Ⅰ.视差和空间频谱的关系

本文分三部分;也是三个步骤: Ⅰ.根据视差用计算机产生立体图对; Ⅱ.立体图对的空间频谱; Ⅲ.视差和空间频谱的关系。 得到一些结果: 1.具有视差的立体图对的空间频谱高峰有相对的位移。 2.移动的偏向和三维物体离观察者的远近有关,如果是一个单调变化的物体,则离人近的一侧频谱高峰向高频方向移,离人远的一侧向低频方向移。 3.移动的多少是和三维物体的平均深度变化率有关,变化率愈大移得愈多。 4.高峰的峰值则和三维物体的绝对深度有关。     

机器理解古汉语的初步探索

本文介绍一个理解古汉语的计算机系统——SUACH。实验材料是两个古汉语的小故事。该系统对课文进行句法和语义分析,并把它译成现代汉语。系统也能回答某些词在不同上下文中的句法功能和意义。 汉语与西方语言不同。前者没有词形变化。人们不能根据词的形态来判定一个名词的格或一个动词的时态。汉语语法也不能很好地解释这一点。文中提出和讨论了一些计算机理解古汉语的临时规则。