情绪状态对不同年龄儿童定势转换的影响

采用情绪影片引发情绪的方法,考察64名8~12岁儿童在正负情绪状态下定势转换能力的表现。研究为4(年龄)×2(情绪)×3(重复转换条件:重复、短时转换、长时转换)3因素重复测量混合设计。结果表明,情绪状态对任务转换产生了影响,可能是积极情绪比消极情绪对任务定势的长时转换削弱更大。不同年龄的儿童在这两种任务转换条件中没有出现显著的年龄差异,说明8~12岁儿童均已具备在两个任务之间进行即时转换的能力。     

物体颜色与质地相似度对幼儿归纳推理的影响

设计了3个实验任务,探讨物体颜色相似度与质地相似度对140名4~6岁幼儿和40名成年人的归纳推理的影响。结果发现,在任务1中,当靶物体质地保持不变时,幼儿和成年人在归纳推理中倾向于选择与靶物体在颜色上更相似的物体;在任务2中,当靶物体颜色不变时,幼儿和成年人倾向于选择与靶物体在质地上更相似的物体;在任务3中,当测试物体在颜色相似度和质地相似度上发生相反变化时,4岁幼儿显著地依赖于质地相似度进行归纳,颜色相似度在5~6岁时的重要性明显提高,但仍略低于质地相似性,差异不显著,这表明颜色相似度和质地相似度在幼儿的归纳推理中具有不同程度的重要性。对成年人而言,颜色相似度虽然看起来比质地相似度相对更重要性,但差异不显著。     

为什么归纳逻辑需要所罗门诺夫先验?(英文)

二十世纪五十年代,卡尔纳普发展了归纳逻辑,他把概率看作一种证据对假设对"确证度";二十世纪六十年代,所罗门诺夫用通用归纳方法进行预测。为了增强归纳逻辑的归纳预测能力以及扩展所罗门诺夫通用归纳方法的表达力,本文整合二者。本文首先将所罗门诺夫先验概率的思想引入归纳逻辑中,在这个框架下,证明一阶逻辑版本的所罗门诺夫完全性定理,然后比较二者的优略。在卡尔纳普的归纳逻辑中,不管正面证据有多少,对像"所有乌鸦都是黑的"这种全称句的支持度最终都为零,而在用所罗门诺夫先验改造的归纳逻辑中,可以证明,在任何可计算的世界中,"所有乌鸦都是黑的"可以得到确证,只要在那些世界上真的所有乌鸦都是黑的。在所罗门诺夫的模型中,要证明完全性定理需要记录所有的过去信息,在修改后的归纳逻辑中,我们可以只关注某种具体的模式而忽略其它无关信息并证明类似的收敛定理。我们甚至可以不用记录所有的相关信息而采用随机抽样的方法建立合理的信念。     

Feasibility,acceptability and future adaptation of the Chinese translated Behavioural activation (C-BA) treatment for depression: A pilot study

Background: Although depression is prevalent among Chinese international students (CIS), only 4% of CIS seek treatment. Behavioural activation (BA) has been suggested as a culturally sensitive treatment for depression that has the potential to meet the clinical needs of CIS. The current pilot study tested the feasibility, acceptability and themes for future cultural adaptations of a Chinese translated BA treatment (C-BA) among CIS. Methods: Six CIS with elevated depressive symptoms (Beck Depression Inventory, BDI ≥ 14) completed a six-session individual C-BA treatment and assessments at pre- and post-treatment and a 1-month follow-up. Primary outcome measures included treatment feasibility, acceptability and qualitative interview data informing future adaption of C-BA. Exploratory analyses examined group changes in depressive symptoms over time and clinically significant symptom changes on individual levels. Results: All participants found the treatment to be highly feasible and culturally acceptable, and were highly engaged in the treatment. Themes of future cultural adaptions were generated from the qualitative interviews. Significant decreases in depressive symptoms were observed at a one1-month post-treatment follow-up assessment. Conclusions: Preliminary evidence suggests that C-BA has the potential to be a culturally sensitive treatment for depression among CIS. CIS demonstrated openness to psychotherapy and high treatment engagement.     

Partner phubbing and relationship satisfaction: Self-esteem and marital status as moderators

Current Psychology - The current study investigated the moderating effects of self-esteem and marital status on the association between partner phubbing and relationship satisfaction. Four hundred...     

道“悦”与道“救”:老子之道的情意性特征

学界通常把老子之道理解为无情感、无意志的道,而难以整体自洽打通全文,而《老子》文本里多处原文涉及超越性的意志存在。道不是无生命的死道,作为情意性存在,具有情感性与意志性。楚简《老子》里,作者用“悦”(“敚”)来规定道,具有喜悦之情感性,可以理解为喜神(老子还用“谷神不死”言道,道是一种神性存在);今本《老子》里的“以慈卫之”也是道的情感性,用“道亦乐得之”来论述情感性的人·道关系;今本《老子》的“天将救之”“有罪以免”“天网恢恢、疏而不失”“天道无亲,常与善人”等系统体现了天道的意志性,可以解读为天道的救赎性与终极价值性。道有情意性,同时又不干预人的主体性,“衣养万物而不为主”“夫莫之命而常自然”“生而不有,为而不恃,长而不宰”,这具有人文主义色彩。     

Social Status and Subjective Well-Being in Chinese Adults: Mediating Effect of Future Time Perspective

Applied Research in Quality of Life - Either objective or subjective social status is linked with subjective well-being (SWB) in a variety of ways. However, the exact mechanism underlying this...