启发式在警觉任务中的交叉复合作用

通过对个体和团队和警觉任务的阶段性研究,本研究发现了启发式对个体警觉任务的交叉复合作用,个体在警觉任务关键信号出现时绩效不一定下降。关键信号出现时成绩的升降取决于关键信号与背景信号的可取性。另外,团队结构克服了个体决策中出现的信息不全和信息加工资源不足的缺陷,使警觉任务在关键事件发生时、发生前和发生后的成绩波动不大。     

肿瘤生物治疗的研究趋势及思考

肿瘤生物治疗是一种既古老又年轻的疗法 ,上溯千余年 ,在中医药中有“扶正祛邪、软坚散结、以毒攻毒、活血化瘀”等利用中药来治疗癌症的治则。 19世纪末 ,西方提出Ｃｏｌｅｙ毒素治疗癌症 ,现代肿瘤免疫治疗概念的建立始于 1953年 ,动物肿瘤特异性移植抗原的发现———肿瘤免疫学的诞生 ,此后至 1983年多种非特异性生物制剂 (卡介苗、短小棒状杆菌、免疫核糖核酸、转移因子等 )的大量临床应用和动物实验为人类的肿瘤免疫治疗奠定了科学基础。 2 0世纪中叶 ,伴随着现代分子生物学和生物工程技术的发展重组的细胞因子的出现 ,第一例肿瘤病人…     

儿童社会观点采择能力发展的干预研究

本研究针对小学低年级学生的认知发展特点,编制了有关心理活动课程,并选取小学一年级学生进行了为期半年的干预研究。研究结果表明,通过干预训练发展儿童的社会观点采择能力是可行的,且本研究中所编制的心理活动课程对于促进儿童该能力的发展具有良好的效果。     

On the segmentation of Chinese words during reading

Given that there are no spaces between words in Chinese, how words are segmented when reading is something of a mystery. Four Chinese characters, which either constituted one 4-character word or two 2-character words, were shown briefly to subjects. Subjects were quite accurate in reporting the 4-character word, but could usually only report the first 2-character word, demonstrating that word segmentation influences character recognition. The results suggest that even with these simple 4-character strings, there is an element of seriality in reading Chinese words: processing is initially focused at least to some extent on the first word. We also found that the processing of characters that are not consistent with the context is inhibited, suggesting inhibition from word representations to character representations. A simple model of Chinese word segmentation and word recognition is presented to account for the data.     

Intersubjective model of value transmission: parents using perceived norms as reference when socializing children

What values do parents want to transmit to children? The intersubjective model of value transmission posits that parents want to transmit not only the values they personally endorse but also the values they perceive to be normatively important in the society. The present research shows support to this premise. Furthermore, Studies 1 and 2 revealed that the use of perceived norms is moderated by families' social contexts and parents' personality: It was particularly pronounced among parents who were immigrants, who had a stronger need for closure, and who were more conforming. In addition, Studies 3 and 4 demonstrated that parents' perceived norms can explain actual value transmission: Values parents perceived to be normatively important were to some extent internalized by children. The intersubjective model paves some new directions for value transmission research, contributes to the understanding of cultural transmission and cultural change, and extends the intersubjective approach to culture.     

关于自我改变的心理研究

本文总结和概括了关于自我改变研究的理论成果,分析了自我改变的努力容易失败的原因,揭示了人们对自我改变失败的认知取向,以及在很可能会再度失败的情况下启动自我改变的新一轮行动的心理机制。     

6～8岁儿童同伴互动及与父亲教养方式的关系

本研究对象为55名7岁左右的小学儿童。数据收集方式为自然情景下对儿童行为的录像观察．父亲教养方式采用Q分类卡片(CRPR．Block,1981)中译本进行测试。研究结果显示,女孩在集体游戏和同伴对话这些行为中所占的比例较高．而攻击行为则要明显少于男孩;女孩在同伴交往主动性上要优于男生;儿童同伴游戏的丰富性水平与父亲所报告的鼓励成就和鼓励独立的教养方式呈显著正相关;儿童同伴交往的主动性水平与父亲所报告的拒绝教养方式呈显著负相关。     

应对方式、社会支持和心理压力对中学生心理健康的影响研究

该研究采用中学生应激源量表、中学生应对方式量表、领悟社会支持量表和症状自评量表(SCL-90)对852名初一至高三的学生进行了调查。通过单因变量多维交互效应的方差分析,结果表明：消极应对方式对中学生的心理健康影响较大;积极应对方式与心理健康的相关不显著;社会支持对心理健康的影响同时具有主效应和缓冲效应;心理压力与心理健康之间存在着显著相关;应对方式和社会支持在心理压力与心理健康的关系中彼此独立起作用,两者之间的交互作用不明显。     

线索对谜语问题解决过程中元认知监测过程的影响

该研究以成语谜语为实验材料,采用两阶段研究范式(解题阶段和词汇判断阶段),考察以谜底首字、谜语猜射规则、谜底语义相关词为解题线索时,FOK判断与信息激活之间情况间的关系。实验结果表明:(1)以谜底首字为线索时,谜题的顿悟性质受到影响,FOK判断可以有效地监测信息激活情况;(2)以猜射规则和谜底相关词为线索时,这两类线索不影响谜题的顿悟性,FOK判断无法有效地监测信息激活情况。     

Regulatory Focus and Subjective Well-Being: The Mediating Role of Coping Styles and the Moderating Role of Gender

Abstract

Although previous research has suggested that regulatory focus may exert considerable impacts on individuals’ subjective well-being (SWB), little research has explored the mechanism for this relation and the potential gender difference. The current study investigated the potential mediating effects of coping styles on the relationship between regulatory focus and three aspects of SWB (indicated by life satisfaction, positive affect, and negative affect) among Chinese adolescents. Total of 2943 Chinese adolescents participated in this cross-sectional survey and completed self-reported questionnaires (M_age = 14.47, SD?=?1.59, 44.50% boys). Hypothesized pathways were tested by structural equation models. Results showed that regulatory foci were significantly associated with SWB. Promotion focus predicted SWB mainly through problem-focused coping, and the mediating effects of emotion-focused coping were also observed; Prevention focus predicted SWB mainly through emotion-focused coping, and the mediating effects of problem-focused coping were observed. Furthermore, relative to boys, the prediction of problem-focused coping on life satisfaction was stronger and the prediction of promotion focus on life satisfaction was weaker for girls. These findings provide a new approach to understand the mechanism for the relationship between regulatory foci and SWB, and indicate the gender differences of this process.