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151.
We investigated the regulation of sequential action using a new paradigm. Participants learned a sequence of seven stimulus categories and then monitored for them during successive displays. All displays were instances of these categories, presented in pseudorandom order. On each trial, participants monitored for an instance of Category 1, pressed a key on a computer keyboard, then monitored for an instance of Category 2, pressed a key on the keyboard, and so on for all seven categories. Thus, a perfect trial contained exactly seven responses. Intrusion errors were classified as a function of ordinal distance from the current serial position ( n ). Fewer intrusion errors were made at near serial positions than at far ones, suggesting a gradient of lateral inhibition. In addition, more intrusions were made on n + 1 categories than n − 1 categories, suggesting greater availability of intended than completed goals. In accord with current models of sequential action, the results indicate lateral and self-inhibition as important mechanisms in regulation of sequential action.  相似文献   
152.
This study examined gender bias on job performance in work settings where confounding variables (e. g., organizational level, experience, education) were cautiously taken into consideration to ensure fair comparisons. Although previous meta‐analyses examined gender biases on evaluations, findings in tightly controlled laboratory environments may differ from those in highly complicated field studies. We found little evidence of overall gender bias in performance appraisals in nonconfounded field studies. However, there were significant pro‐male biases when only men served as raters. Measure‐specific gender stereotypicality, instead of genera! stereotypicality about the job, produced gender bias in performance appraisal. Masculine measures produced pro‐male bias, and feminine measures produced pro‐female bias.  相似文献   
153.
陈传锋  黄希庭  余华 《心理科学》2000,23(3):265-268
运用词素启动作业,进一步考察了结构对称性汉语成语的识别过程.结果发现(1)无论是用成语的前二个字还是后二个字启动,在成语识别过程中都存在明显的词素结构对称效应,即结构对称成语中的词素启动效应明显大于非对称成语中的词素启动效应.(2)成语的结构对称性、熟悉度和启动词素位置之间存在显著的三阶相互作用.简单效应的分析表明无论成语前二个字还是后二个字启动,词素的结构对称效应均只在低熟悉度成语的识别过程中显著;在前二个字启动时,非对称成语的识别还存在熟悉度效应.  相似文献   
154.
无效治疗--医者的困扰   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
关于无效治疗的争论越来越受到社会各方面的重视,但由于各自的利益和出发点不同,社会各方对无效治疗的观察角度和侧重点不同。从医务工作者的角度,就无效治疗的概念、判定及无效治疗实施过程中的利益冲突和解决对策进行讨论。  相似文献   
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In recent years, an impressive volume of evidence has accumulated demonstrating that youth involvement in structured, organized activities (e.g. school sports, community clubs) may facilitate positive youth development. We present a theory‐based framework for studying structured activity involvement (SAI) as a context for positive youth development based on two key dimensions: breadth and intensity of involvement. Our main goal is to demonstrate the separability, salience, and developmental significance of these two dimensions. We review three developmental theoretical approaches (identity development, life‐span selection–optimization–compensation theory, and affordances) that support our conceptualization of breadth and intensity as salient and significant dimensions of SAI. We also summarize our recent program of research on SAI demonstrating the separability of breadth and intensity dimensions, which shows links between these dimensions and indicators of positive development. Finally, we discuss how the proposed breadth‐intensity approach could be used to extend research on the linkage between youth SAI and successful development.  相似文献   
157.
20世纪90年代中后期以来,道教文化陡然成为了中国大众文学(尤其是网络小说)重要的表现内容.本文尝试着对这种文化现象的主要表现方面及其内在的社会文化促成因素略作讨论.  相似文献   
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Hazardous or harmful alcohol use is very prevalent among the US population. With 15.1 million adults in the United States currently identified as having an alcohol use disorder, identifying hazardous and harmful drinking earlier is necessary for early intervention strategies. The Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test's (AUDIT) strong psychometric properties lead it to be a screening tool of choice across countries, cultures, and subgroups. A psychometric analysis aggregates all available evidence of reliability and validity to support the use of an instrument for screening, diagnosis, and treatment planning. AUDIT internal consistency for the 10-item total scale was α = 0.817 (n = 247,963). The two-factor model had the most structure validity support and aggregated convergent validity comparisons with other alcohol use assessments ranged from r = 0.578 to r = 0.701. The optimal cutoff score for diagnostic validity was 6/7, rather than the 8 recommended by the AUDIT authors. Clinically appropriate use and interpretation of the AUDIT as well as study limitations and suggestions for future research were discussed.  相似文献   
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