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961.
Ss wrote down letters that were presented briefly in various temporal and geometric arrangements. Results reveal marked impairment in processing more than one temporally extended word in parallel. The impairment cannot be attributed to spatial separation of letters by itself, to sequence, or to inability to discriminate the letters. The concept of ‘bounding’ is introduced to account for the perception of familiar words in a continuing flow of information; the results suggest that only one object can be bounded at a time. They also suggest that the information that guides the eyes' movements in reading is qualitatively different from the information extracted from the printed text. 相似文献
962.
A reliability coefficient for maximum likelihood factor analysis 总被引:54,自引:0,他引:54
Maximum likelihood factor analysis provides an effective method for estimation of factor matrices and a useful test statistic
in the likelihood ratio for rejection of overly simple factor models. A reliability coefficient is proposed to indicate quality
of representation of interrelations among attributes in a battery by a maximum likelihood factor analysis. Usually, for a
large sample of individuals or objects, the likelihood ratio statistic could indicate that an otherwise acceptable factor
model does not exactly represent the interrelations among the attributes for a population. The reliability coefficient could
indicate a very close representation in this case and be a better indication as to whether to accept or reject the factor
solution.
This research was supported by the Personnel and Training Research Programs Office of the Office of Naval Research under contract
US NAVY/00014-67-A-0305-0003. Critical review of the development and suggestions by Richard Montanelli were most helpful. 相似文献
963.
Mark F. Lewis 《Attention, perception & psychophysics》1968,4(4):241-244
Two-flash thresholds were obtained from three dark-adapted Ss by means of a two-interval, temporal forced-choice technique involving foveally fixated circular targets varying in luminance and area. The Ss were instructed to report the temporal position of the longer of two pairs of I-msec flashes. a comparison pair with an interflash interval of 1 msec, and a test pair with a varying interflasn interval. The Ss were informed about the accuracy of their responses after each response. For all three Ss the results replicated a previous finding that two-flash thresholds are a negatively accelerated function of flash luminance. but the function was shown to be dependent on area. a greater threshold change occurring at smaller areas. Two-flash thresholds were also found to be a decreasing function of stimulus area. with the greatest threshold change occurring at low luminances. 相似文献
964.
The relation between response rates and reinforcement rates in a multiple schedule 总被引:3,自引:3,他引:0
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Stanley S. Pliskoff Richard L. Shull Lewis R. Gollub 《Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior》1968,11(3):271-284
In a multiple schedule, exteroceptive stimuli change when the reinforcement schedule is changed. Each performance in a multiple schedule may be considered concurrent with other behavior. Accordingly, two variable-interval schedules of reinforcement were arranged in a multiple schedule, and a third, common variable-interval schedule was programmed concurrently with each of the first two. A quantitative statement was derived that relates as a ratio the response rates for the first two (multiple) variable-interval schedules. The value of the ratio depends on the rates of reinforcement provided by those schedules and the reinforcement rate provided by the common variable-interval schedule. The following implications of the expression were evaluated in an experiment with pigeons: (a) if the reinforcement rates for the multiple variable-interval schedules are equal, then the ratio of response rates is unity at all reinforcement rates of the common schedule; (b) if the reinforcement rates for the multiple schedules are unequal, then the ratio of response rates increases as the reinforcement rate provided by the common schedule increases; (c) the limit of the ratio is equal to the ratio of the reinforcement rates. Satisfactory confirmation was obtained for the first two implications, but the third was left in doubt. 相似文献
965.
M J Lewis D L Margules 《Journal of comparative psychology (Washington, D.C. : 1983)》1975,88(2):519-527
Morphine-addicted rats performed operant responses for opioid or milk rewards. When rats were then denied access to opioids, abstinence symptoms developed. Responding under extinction conditions 2 wk. after opioid withdrawal provided a measure of the "relapse" tendency. Systemic administration of DL-alpha-methyl-para-tyrosine, an inhibitor of catecholamine synthesis, suppressed these responses if they had been reinforced by an opioid but not if they had been established with milk reinforcement. This indicates that the integrity of the catecholamine systems is vital for relapse to occur. 相似文献
966.
M Lewis 《Psychoanalytic review》1975,62(3):463-467
967.
968.
J. Brown V. J. Lewis A. F. Monk 《Quarterly journal of experimental psychology (2006)》1977,29(3):461-473
Brown (1976) has provided an analysis of the effect of the memorability of an item on the confidence with which it is accepted or rejected in a test of recognition or recall. When the subject has no clear recollection of the inclusion of an item in an input list, he is assumed to evaluate its memorability in the context of the experiment before he decides whether to accept or reject it. If the judged memorability is high, the absence of a clear recollection is stronger evidence against the item than if it is low. A specific prediction is that memorable distractors in a recognition test will be more confidently rejected than non-memorable ones. This prediction was tested and confirmed in three experiments in which recognition was tested by 4-category rating. Except in Experiment I, items memorable to individual subjects were identified by administering a questionnaire. For example, in Experiment III forenames of immediate family were assumed to have high memorability. This experiment also included word frequency as a variable. Low-frequency distractors were rejected significantly more firmly than high-frequency distractors: extraction of memorable names enhanced this effect. The relationship of memorability to word frequency is discussed. 相似文献
969.
970.