Marginal distributions for the estimation of proportions inm groups

A Bayesian Model II approach to the estimation of proportions inm groups (discussed by Novick, Lewis, and Jackson) is extended to obtain posterior marginal distributions for the proportions. It is anticipated that these will be useful in applications (such as Individually Prescribed Instruction) where decisions are to be made separately for each proportion, rather than jointly for the set of proportions. In addition, the approach is extended to allow greater use of prior information than previously and the specification of this prior information is discussed.We are grateful to a reviewer for suggestions that made possible a more concise and complete presentation of our work.     

An EEG investigation of awareness during anaesthesia

Previous studies of awareness during anaesthesia have used patients undergoing surgery. In an attempt to overcome the complications of anxiety and specific stimuli of surgery, this study used healthy volunteers in a laboratory setting. No evidence of recall of events taking place during light anaesthesia was found.     

The estimation of proportions inm groups

In many applications, it is desirable to estimate binomial proportions inm groups where it is anticipated that these proportions are similar but not identical. Following a general approach due to Lindley, a Bayesian Model II aposteriori modal estimate is derived that estimates the inverse sine transform of each proportion by a weighted average of the inverse sine transform of the observed proportion in the individual group and the average of the estimated values. Comparison with a classical method due to Jackson spotlights some desirable features of Model II analyses. The simplicity of the present formulation makes it possible to study the behavior of the Bayesian Model II approach more closely than in more complex formulations. Also, it is possible to estimate the amount of gain afforded by the Model II analyses.     

The professionalisation of counselling in education and its legal implications

The questions posed in this paper concern the relationship between the counsellors' claim to be professional and the acceptance of this claim - and its implications - by the courts who act within the terms of existing legal codes. In addition, the paper seeks to clarify the importance of legal recognition in the process of professional legitimation, and examines the position of counsellors in educational institutions (especially secondary schools) in terms of their current legal status and their acceptance as professional counsellors.     

Direction constancy

A series of experiments investigating the constancy of perceived direction was conducted. Experiments 1, 2, and 3 indicated that the perception of direction, while close to constancy, exhibited a consistent departure from constancy of approximately 2.5 deg. Experiments 4 and 5 investigated the departure from constancy in terms of the information of the position of the eyes within the head and the information of the retinal area (local sign) being stimulated. The results of these experiments indicated that the departure from constancy was a function of the underestimation of the position of the eyes within the head.     

Some properties of two measures of multivariate association

Two kinds of measures of multivariate association, based on Wilks' and the Bartlett-Nanda-Pillai trace criterionV, respectively, are compared in terms of properties of the univariateR ² which they generalize. A unified set of derivations of the properties is provided which are self-contained and not restricted to decompositions in canonical variates. One conclusion is that asymmetric index based on allows generalization of the multiplicative decomposition ofR ² in terms of squared partial correlations, but not the additive decomposition in terms of squared semipartial correlations, while the reverse is true for anasymmetric index based onV.We are indebted to Jos M. F. ten Berge for some fruitful discussions.