Levin DT 《Consciousness and cognition》2012,21(2):875-888

Recent research exploring phenomena such as change blindness, inattentional blindness, attentional blink and repetition blindness has revealed a number of counterintuitive ways in which apparently salient visual stimuli often go unnoticed. In fact, large majorities of subjects sometimes predict that they would detect visual changes that actually are rarely noticed, suggesting that people have strong beliefs about visual experience that are demonstrably incorrect. However, for other kinds of visual metacognition, such as picture memory, people underpredict performance. This paper describes two experiments demonstrating that both these overpredictions of change detection, and underpredictions of visual memory can be linked with intuitions about the visual experience of different kinds of agents. Subjects predicted more visual change detection and poorer visual memory for mechanical representational systems (e.g. computer programs) when these were anthropomorphized using intentional terminology.  相似文献   

    

Levin DT  Angelone BL  Beck MR 《British journal of psychology (London, England : 1953)》2011,102(3):313-327

In the typical visual search experiment, participants search for targets that are present on half of the trials and absent on the other half. However, many real-world tasks involve targets that are present only occasionally. Given this, it is important to know how people deal with the problem of finding targets they have little experience with. One possibility is that they develop an awareness of the degree to which they have effectively completed a search through complex target-absent scenes. To test this hypothesis, we had participants complete two relatively long search tasks in which only a minority of trials included targets. Stimuli were cluttered real-world scenes, and targets were defined by category. We examined participants' ability to terminate search on the target-absent scenes based on an accurate assessment of scene difficulty. Scene difficulty was estimated by computing the mean correct-trial response time (RT) for each of the target-absent scenes across all participants. These group RTs were then correlated with each participants' individual correct-trial RTs for the same stimuli to assess the degree to which a given participant's search-termination times were correlated with those of the group. These correlations successfully predicted participants' target-detection success in both experiments. These experiments suggest that an integral part of visual search is the need to calibrate search behaviour to scenes of varying levels of complexity even when no targets are present.  相似文献   

    

Russell N. Carney  Joel R. Levin 《Applied cognitive psychology》2011,25(2):204-211

The pegword method is an organizational mnemonic strategy that is often recommended for remembering ordered lists. However, are memorial benefits maintained over time when students learn several consecutive lists using the same 10 standard pegwords? Questions such as this have been raised about the delayed benefits of the technique, particularly when the pegword method is combined with elements of the familiar mnemonic keyword method. In two experiments in which we compared a combined pegword–keyword strategy with an own‐best‐method control condition after equating students' initial learning, we found consistent 2‐ and 5‐day‐delayed memory advantages for students reusing the combined mnemonic strategy with the same 10 pegwords. Our findings suggest that repeated use of this combined mnemonic approach benefits students' delayed memory for ordered lists of unfamiliar items. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

  总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

E D Levin  C Lee  J E Rose  A Reyes  G Ellison  M Jarvik  E Gritz 《Behavioral and neural biology》1990,53(2):269-276

Rats were tested for choice accuracy in an eight-arm radial maze during and after chronic administration of nicotine via subcutaneously implanted glass and Silastic capsules. Nicotine administration significantly improved choice accuracy relative to controls. The effect gradually became apparent over the first 2 weeks of exposure and persisted through the third week. Surprisingly, the significant facilitation of the nicotine-treated rats relative to controls continued for 2 weeks after the end of nicotine administration. No effects of nicotine were seen on choice latency or the strategy to make adjacent arm entries.  相似文献   

  总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

W D Rohwer  S Lynch  N Suzuki  J R Levin 《Journal of experimental child psychology》1967,5(2):294-302

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Lewis J. Baker  Daniel T. Levin 《Visual cognition》2013,21(7):814-816

ABSTRACT

We present evidence demonstrating that the structure of everyday events guides attention to and representation of visual properties. Incidental change detection increases dramatically at the boundaries between events, whereas individuals are largely unaware of the sequence of actions within a single event. Observers demonstrate a limited capacity for representing events, and inducing cognitive load by presenting two simultaneous events decreases detection of sequence errors. These studies support emerging evidence that the event perception network operates as a control process that guides attention and awareness in real-world settings.  相似文献   

    

Irwin P. Levin  Aron M. Levin 《Journal of Consumer Psychology》2000,9(1):43-52

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Jennifer B. Levin  Tamara Goldman Sher   《Cognitive and behavioral practice》2000,7(2):207-212

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Jeff Levin 《Mental health, religion & culture》2013,16(7):709-720

This study investigates the impact of selected religious indicators on two measures of positive well-being among Jews. Using data from subsamples of Jewish respondents from Israel (N?=?1,023) and the diaspora (N?=?859) taken from the World Values Survey, single-item measures of happiness and life satisfaction were regressed onto six measures of religiousness in the diaspora sample and onto the one religious measure available in the Israeli sample, adjusting for effects of age, gender, marital status, education, employment, and social class. Among Israeli Jews, affirming the importance of God in one's life is modestly associated with greater life satisfaction (β?=?0.07, p?<?0.05), but not with happiness. In the diaspora, the same measure is associated with greater happiness (β?=?0.13, p?<?0.01), as is more frequent attendance at synagogue services (β?=?0.14, p?<?0.01), but neither is associated with life satisfaction.  相似文献   

    

Russell N. Carney  Joel R. Levin 《Applied cognitive psychology》2003,17(5):563-575

Two experiments were conducted in an effort to combine a mnemonic strategy for remembering individual items with a mnemonic procedure for remembering, and reasoning about, inter‐item relationships. In Experiment 1, students using the combined mnemonic approach were able to identify more individual items (fish names from their pictures) and were subsequently able to remember more components of six studied hierarchies (order, family, and species names of the fish) than did students in an ‘own best method’ control condition. Additionally, and importantly, mnemonic students outperformed control students on an analogy task requiring inferences about superordinate, subordinate, and coordinate relationships. In Experiment 2, the initial number of to‐be‐learned fish was reduced so that the performance of both mnemonic and control students was comparable with respect to fish identification. Despite such item‐level comparability, an advantage for mnemonically instructed students was observed on both immediate and two‐day‐delayed hierarchy tests. We suggest that by cementing lower‐order connections, mnemonic strategies facilitate students' learning of higher‐order information. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献