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221.
222.
Ambrose Leung Cheryl Kier Tak Fung Linda Fung Robert Sproule 《Journal of Happiness Studies》2011,12(3):443-462
After four decades of research, scholars of happiness continue to debate its causes. While it is generally agreed that a combination
of internal and external factors play a role, predicting happiness well remains a challenge. Recent research has proposed
that social capital may be a vital factor that has been overlooked. This paper attempts to address that omission. According
to Coleman’s (1988) seminal work, three dimensions of social capital exist: (1) trust and obligations, (2) information channels, and (3) norms
and sanctions. Using bootstrap hierarchical regression on data from the Canadian General Social Survey of Social Engagement
Cycle 17 (2003), we identified blocks of social capital variables described by Coleman, as well as an additional factor of
belongingness. Even after controlling for major demographic and individual characteristics, the majority of these blocks show
significant relationships with happiness. Our findings support social capital as an important piece in predicting happiness. 相似文献
223.
Purpose
Social cynicism, defined as negative beliefs about people and social institutions, shows negative impact on people’s affective reactions. We extended this line of work by testing the moderating effects of social cynicism on the relationships between relationship conflict and its affective consequences. 相似文献224.
Leung AW Jolicoeur P Vachon F Alain C 《Journal of experimental psychology. Human perception and performance》2011,37(3):727-736
Since the introduction of the concept of auditory scene analysis, there has been a paucity of work focusing on the theoretical explanation of how attention is allocated within a complex auditory scene. Here we examined signal detection in situations that promote either the fusion of tonal elements into a single sound object or the segregation of a mistuned element (i.e., harmonic) that "popped out" as a separate individuated auditory object and yielded the perception of concurrent sound objects. On each trial, participants indicated whether the incoming complex sound contained a brief gap or not. The gap (i.e., signal) was always inserted in the middle of one of the tonal elements. Our findings were consistent with an object-based account in which perception of two simultaneous auditory objects interfered with signal detection. This effect was observed for a wide range of gap durations and was greater when the mistuned harmonic was perceived as a separate object. These results suggest that attention may be initially shared among concurrent sound objects thereby reducing listeners' ability to process acoustic details belonging to a particular sound object. These findings provide new theoretical insight for our understanding of auditory attention and auditory scene analysis. 相似文献
225.
Cynthia S. Wang Angela K.-y. Leung Ya Hui Michelle See Xiang Yu Gao 《Journal of experimental social psychology》2011,47(6):1295-1299
The present research explores whether the type of relationship one holds with deceptive or honest actors influences cross-cultural differences in reward and punishment. Research suggests that Americans reward honest actors more than they punish deceptive perpetrators, whereas East Asians reward and punish equally (Wang & Leung, 2010). Our research suggests that the type of relationship with the actor matters for East Asians, but not for Americans. East Asians exhibit favoritism toward their friends by rewarding more than punishing them, but reward and punish equally when the actors are strangers (Experiment 1 and 2); Americans reward more than they punish regardless of the type of relationship (Experiment 2). Furthermore, the findings were replicated when the proposed mechanism – social mobility – was manipulated within the same culture (Experiment 3). We discuss the implications of these findings for understanding how friends versus strangers are rewarded and punished in an increasingly relationally complex world. 相似文献
226.
Susan Moore Cynthia Leung Wally Karnilowicz Ching‐Leung Lung 《Australian psychologist》2012,47(2):108-117
The aim of this study was to examine occurrence of romantic relationships and relationship break‐ups among young adults in Hong Kong and Australia and to explore associations between relationship style, identity status, negative affect, cultural group, and relationship experiences. Data were collected from Chinese tertiary students in Hong Kong (n = 279) and Anglo‐Australian tertiary students in Melbourne, Australia (n = 204). Participants completed a questionnaire including demographics, romantic relationship items, the Love Schemas Scale measuring romantic relationship style, the Extended Objective Measure of Ego Identity Status, and the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale. Secure relationship style and more mature identity statuses were associated with having had a romantic relationship. Among those young people with romantic relationship experience, break‐ups were less common for those with a foreclosed identity status, skittish (avoidant) relationship style, and Hong Kong Chinese background. Negative mood was higher among those for whom a break‐up had been recent. Hurt experienced following a break‐up was greater when the break‐up was partner initiated and among those with less secure relationship styles and identity statuses. Overall, individual factors were stronger predictors of relationship status than cultural factors. 相似文献
227.
This study examined Chinese university students' conceptualization of the meaning of work. One hundred and ninety students (93 male, 97 female) from Beijing, China, participated in the study. Prototype research methodology (J. Li, 2001) was used to explore the meaning of work and the associations among the identified meanings. Cluster analysis was used to organize the identified meanings into a structure consisting of lateral and hierarchical levels. The themes that emerged fell into 2 large categories named "ideal" and "reality." A series of superordinate-level and basic-level prototypes were found under each of these 2 categories. These prototypes reflected influences from both Chinese traditional and Western value orientations, as well as perceptions that are to be understood in the contemporary social and economic contexts of China. Implications for career development theory, research, and practice are discussed. 相似文献
228.
This study examined the psychometric properties of a Chinese adaptation of the Distress Tolerance Scale (DTS; Simons & Gaher.
Motivation and Emotion, 29, 83–102, 2005) among 5,423 (2,857 boys) Chinese adolescents. Results of the confirmatory factor analyses supported a hierarchical model
encompassing four first-order factors: Tolerance, Absorption, Appraisal and Regulation, and one second-order factor, General
Distress Intolerance, which was comprised of the first three first-order factors. Acceptable levels of internal consistency
and 6-month test-retest reliability were demonstrated in the second-order and all first-order factors. The Chinese DTS also
displayed good convergent and discriminant validity with negative emotion, emotion reactivity and maladaptive impulsive coping
behaviors. Chinese adolescent girls possessed lower distress tolerance ability than their boy counterparts. Additionally,
the strength of associations between distress tolerance and negative affectivity was larger in girls than in boys. This study
suggests that the Chinese DTS appears to be a psychometrically sound measure of distress (in)tolerance among adolescents. 相似文献
229.
This study examined the relative importance of four major BPD features, that is, affective instability, disturbed interpersonal relationship, unstable sense of self, and behavioral impulsivity, in explaining the presence, initiation, repetition, and discontinuation of non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) among a 2-year follow-up sample of 4,782 (68.5% girls) Hong Kong Chinese secondary school students. Affective instability, disturbed interpersonal relationship and behavioral impulsivity were significantly associated with the presence of NSSI both concurrently and longitudinally. These three BPD features were also related to the future initiation of NSSI. On the other hand, only behavioral impulsivity made a significant contribution to the repetition of NSSI. Additionally, a lower level of affective instability was also associated with quitting NSSI. We discussed some possible mechanisms underlying the effects of different BPD features on different developmental stages of NSSI. 相似文献
230.