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181.
Applied Research in Quality of Life - 相似文献
182.
Scott C. Roesch Arianna A. Aldridge Stephanie N. Stocking Feion Villodas Queenie Leung Carrie E. Bartley 《Multivariate behavioral research》2013,48(5):767-789
This study used multilevel modeling of daily diary data to model within-person (state) and between-person (trait) components of coping variables. This application included the introduction of multilevel factor analysis (MFA) and a comparison of the predictive ability of these trait/state factors. Daily diary data were collected on a large (n = 366) multiethnic sample over the course of 5 days. Intraclass correlation coefficient for the derived factors suggested approximately equal amounts of variability in coping usage at the state and trait levels. MFAs showed that Problem-Focused Coping and Social Support emerged as stable factors at both the within-person and between-person levels. Other factors (Minimization, Emotional Rumination, Avoidance, Distraction) were specific to the within-person or between-person levels but not both. Multilevel structural equation modeling (MSEM) showed that the prediction of daily positive and negative affect differed as a function of outcome and level of coping factor. The Discussion section focuses primarily on a conceptual and methodological understanding of modeling state and trait coping using daily diary data with MFA and MSEM to examine covariation among coping variables and predicting outcomes of interest. 相似文献
183.
Cynthia B. Leung 《Reading Psychology》2013,34(1):17-40
From the theoretical framework of cognitive anthropology based on the work of Charles Frake, this study explored children's classification systems underlying their interactions with illustrated picture storybooks in a classroom context. As a classroom participant-observer, the researcher carried out a classification task where children in a culturally diverse first-grade classroom sorted 15 picture books into piles of books having similar characteristics. It was found that the children classified books by topic, genre, author, culture, emotional response, and physical property of the book. The children's responses were placed in the context of the classroom setting. Some aspects of the children's classification systems were found to be similar to the teacher's way of categorizing books in the classroom library and also her way of classifying books in a book sorting activity. 相似文献
184.
Cynthia B. Leung 《Reading Psychology》2013,34(2):165-193
This study explored 3- and 4-year-old children's development of scientific vocabulary from participation in repeated interactive read-aloud events and retellings of three informational picture books about light and color, followed by hands-on science activities. Thirty-two children attending a YWCA preschool were matched by age and general vocabulary knowledge and randomly assigned to a retelling or no retelling condition. Repeated measures ANOVA of pretest and posttest scores on a free recall target vocabulary test revealed significantly higher scores for 4-year-olds, those with higher vocabulary knowledge, and those who retold the books. Children used significantly more target words across the three retellings. 相似文献
185.
Drawing on the integrative system theory of creativity combining the person, process, and press perspectives, this research offers the first evidence of how high-need-for-cognitive-closure (NFC) individuals’ creative mind can be opened up, by making them become more cognizant of uncreative ideas as consensually invalid solutions to creative problems. A validation study was conducted to first establish the utility of a newly developed chocolate design task. In the second study, half of the participants were made aware of conventional chocolate designs by drawing these designs before generating a revolutionized design of chocolate; the other half did not have to draw out the conventional designs first. Results confirmed that, given the opportunity to cognize uncreative solutions, high-NFC participants who had a higher creative ideation potential became the most creative. Their low-NFC counterparts, however, did not seem to benefit from the trigger of uncreative solutions. The implication that holding onto a chronic motive to attain cognitive closure or epistemic certainty is not necessarily detrimental to creative performance was discussed. 相似文献
186.
Ambrose Leung Cheryl Kier Tak Fung Linda Fung Robert Sproule 《Journal of Happiness Studies》2011,12(3):443-462
After four decades of research, scholars of happiness continue to debate its causes. While it is generally agreed that a combination
of internal and external factors play a role, predicting happiness well remains a challenge. Recent research has proposed
that social capital may be a vital factor that has been overlooked. This paper attempts to address that omission. According
to Coleman’s (1988) seminal work, three dimensions of social capital exist: (1) trust and obligations, (2) information channels, and (3) norms
and sanctions. Using bootstrap hierarchical regression on data from the Canadian General Social Survey of Social Engagement
Cycle 17 (2003), we identified blocks of social capital variables described by Coleman, as well as an additional factor of
belongingness. Even after controlling for major demographic and individual characteristics, the majority of these blocks show
significant relationships with happiness. Our findings support social capital as an important piece in predicting happiness. 相似文献
187.
Cynthia S. Wang Angela K.-y. Leung Ya Hui Michelle See Xiang Yu Gao 《Journal of experimental social psychology》2011,47(6):1295-1299
The present research explores whether the type of relationship one holds with deceptive or honest actors influences cross-cultural differences in reward and punishment. Research suggests that Americans reward honest actors more than they punish deceptive perpetrators, whereas East Asians reward and punish equally (Wang & Leung, 2010). Our research suggests that the type of relationship with the actor matters for East Asians, but not for Americans. East Asians exhibit favoritism toward their friends by rewarding more than punishing them, but reward and punish equally when the actors are strangers (Experiment 1 and 2); Americans reward more than they punish regardless of the type of relationship (Experiment 2). Furthermore, the findings were replicated when the proposed mechanism – social mobility – was manipulated within the same culture (Experiment 3). We discuss the implications of these findings for understanding how friends versus strangers are rewarded and punished in an increasingly relationally complex world. 相似文献
188.
Leung AW Jolicoeur P Vachon F Alain C 《Journal of experimental psychology. Human perception and performance》2011,37(3):727-736
Since the introduction of the concept of auditory scene analysis, there has been a paucity of work focusing on the theoretical explanation of how attention is allocated within a complex auditory scene. Here we examined signal detection in situations that promote either the fusion of tonal elements into a single sound object or the segregation of a mistuned element (i.e., harmonic) that "popped out" as a separate individuated auditory object and yielded the perception of concurrent sound objects. On each trial, participants indicated whether the incoming complex sound contained a brief gap or not. The gap (i.e., signal) was always inserted in the middle of one of the tonal elements. Our findings were consistent with an object-based account in which perception of two simultaneous auditory objects interfered with signal detection. This effect was observed for a wide range of gap durations and was greater when the mistuned harmonic was perceived as a separate object. These results suggest that attention may be initially shared among concurrent sound objects thereby reducing listeners' ability to process acoustic details belonging to a particular sound object. These findings provide new theoretical insight for our understanding of auditory attention and auditory scene analysis. 相似文献
189.
Purpose
Social cynicism, defined as negative beliefs about people and social institutions, shows negative impact on people’s affective reactions. We extended this line of work by testing the moderating effects of social cynicism on the relationships between relationship conflict and its affective consequences. 相似文献190.
Susan Moore Cynthia Leung Wally Karnilowicz Ching‐Leung Lung 《Australian psychologist》2012,47(2):108-117
The aim of this study was to examine occurrence of romantic relationships and relationship break‐ups among young adults in Hong Kong and Australia and to explore associations between relationship style, identity status, negative affect, cultural group, and relationship experiences. Data were collected from Chinese tertiary students in Hong Kong (n = 279) and Anglo‐Australian tertiary students in Melbourne, Australia (n = 204). Participants completed a questionnaire including demographics, romantic relationship items, the Love Schemas Scale measuring romantic relationship style, the Extended Objective Measure of Ego Identity Status, and the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale. Secure relationship style and more mature identity statuses were associated with having had a romantic relationship. Among those young people with romantic relationship experience, break‐ups were less common for those with a foreclosed identity status, skittish (avoidant) relationship style, and Hong Kong Chinese background. Negative mood was higher among those for whom a break‐up had been recent. Hurt experienced following a break‐up was greater when the break‐up was partner initiated and among those with less secure relationship styles and identity statuses. Overall, individual factors were stronger predictors of relationship status than cultural factors. 相似文献