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451.
452.
Saltzman WR Lester P Beardslee WR Layne CM Woodward K Nash WP 《Clinical child and family psychology review》2011,14(3):213-230
Recent studies have confirmed that repeated wartime deployment of a parent exacts a toll on military children and families
and that the quality and functionality of familial relations is linked to force preservation and readiness. As a result, family-centered
care has increasingly become a priority across the military health system. FOCUS (Families OverComing Under Stress), a family-centered,
resilience-enhancing program developed by a team at UCLA and Harvard Schools of Medicine, is a primary initiative in this
movement. In a large-scale implementation project initiated by the Bureau of Navy Medicine, FOCUS has been delivered to thousands
of Navy, Marine, Navy Special Warfare, Army, and Air Force families since 2008. This article describes the theoretical and
empirical foundation and rationale for FOCUS, which is rooted in a broad conception of family resilience. We review the literature
on family resilience, noting that an important next step in building a clinically useful theory of family resilience is to
move beyond developing broad “shopping lists” of risk indicators by proposing specific mechanisms of risk and resilience.
Based on the literature, we propose five primary risk mechanisms for military families and common negative “chain reaction”
pathways through which they undermine the resilience of families contending with wartime deployments and parental injury.
In addition, we propose specific mechanisms that mobilize and enhance resilience in military families and that comprise central
features of the FOCUS Program. We describe these resilience-enhancing mechanisms in detail, followed by a discussion of the
ways in which evaluation data from the program’s first 2 years of operation supports the proposed model and the specified
mechanisms of action. 相似文献
453.
454.
Scales were devised to measure Andras Angyal's concepts of the trends toward autonomy and homonomy and the patterns of vicarious living and noncommitment. In a sample of 82 undergraduates (62 women, 20 men), scores for the trends were negatively associated with psychoticism scores (-.42 and -.39, respectively), while scores for the patterns were positively associated with neuroticism scores (.42 and .49, respectively). 相似文献
455.
In a sample of 18 European nations, suicide rates were positively associated with the proportion of low notes in the national anthems and, albeit less strongly, with students' ratings of how gloomy and how sad the anthems sounded, supporting a hypothesis proposed by Rihmer. 相似文献
456.
In a sample of 115 undergraduates, women expressed more sympathy for hypothetical attempted suicides than did men, but not more empathy or agreement with the actions. A history of considering suicide was not associated with judgments about attempting suicide. 相似文献
457.
Jorg Huijding Peter Muris Kathryn J. Lester Andy P. Field Galina Joosse 《Behaviour research and therapy》2011,49(10):606-613
We examined the effects of training to approach or avoid novel animals on fear-related responses in children. Ninety-nine primary school children (9–12 years old) were instructed to repeatedly move a manikin toward or away from pictures of novel animals. The training produced more positive self-reported attitudes for the animal that was repeatedly approached and more negative attitudes for the animal that was repeatedly avoided. After the training, children reported more fear of the avoided animal than of the approached animal. Interestingly, children showed a training-congruent confirmation bias effect on an information-seeking task. That is, they displayed a tendency to seek more positive information about the approached animal, whereas they were inclined to search for more negative information about the avoided animal. No significant training effects were observed on implicit attitudes. The finding that a simple approach-avoidance training influences children’s fear-related responses and leads to biased information-seeking behaviors lends support to general theories of fear acquisition in children as well as to models that try to explain the intergenerational transmission of anxiety. 相似文献
458.
Families can benefit when pediatric and mental health professionals have a greater appreciation of psychological and relational issues that arise in the course of caring for an infant with colic. The Infant Behavior, Cry, and Sleep Clinic is a multidisciplinary, clinical intervention for parents who identify infant crying as adversely affecting infant, parental, and/or family functioning. Pairing pediatric and mental health expertise provides parents with strategies to manage infant colic within a context that recognizes parental mental health needs. Clinical case material illustrates varying responses and degrees of psychological distress in mothers whose infants have colic. Treatment approaches to colic that take into account maternal mental health needs may contribute to more optimal infant, maternal, and family outcomes. 相似文献
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460.