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871.
A sample of 82 student churchgoers completed the Keirsey Temperament Sorter together with the Francis Scale of Attitude toward Christianity. The data demonstrate that feeling types hold a more positive attitude toward Christianity than thinking types. 相似文献
872.
An experiment with the sequential touching technique investigated the role of object parts on 1- to 2-year-old infants’ ability to form basic-level categories (cows and cars) from two different superordinate domains. Using the novel task design developed by Rakison and Butterworth, infants were tested with normal category exemplars as well as modified versions that were made by removing or attaching object parts (legs and wheels). Results revealed a developmental trend whereby infants’ use of object parts in categorization decreased with age. Analyses of infants’ functional responses (e.g. jumping or rolling) suggested that they might initially associate different kinds of object movement with different kinds of parts. 相似文献
873.
874.
Parental discipline and gender-role socialization are two interrelated normative processes that may be affected by family
structure, parent gender, and child gender. To investigate these family processes and how they may differ depending on family
composition, three groups of families (approximately 90% Caucasian) with 5-year-old children were studied: 67 two-parent families,
32 single-mother families, and 13 single-father families. In the two-parent families, mothers were focused on in 33 of the
families and fathers were focused on in 34 of the families. Overall, gender-role socialization processes were affected by
family structure and parent gender: Single-parent families and mothers had less traditional gender-role socialization than
two-parent families and fathers. Family discipline processes were also affected by family structure, as single-parent families
reported more positive behavior from their children and reported using more problem-solving strategies. Regardless of family
structure, parents used different discipline strategies depending on the gender of parent and child. No evidence was found
to suggest that gender-role socialization mediated the discipline process.
Research for this article was sponsored by grants HD 19739 from the Center for Research for Mothers and Children, NICHD, U.S.
PHS and MH 37911 from the Behavioral Sciences Research Branch, Family Processes Division, NIMH, U.S. PHS to the second author.
Reporting of this research was partially supported by grant MH 46690, Prevention Research Branch, NIMH, U.S. PHS to Dr. John
B. Reid. The authors would like to express their sincere appreciation to several reviewers for comments on previous drafts
of this article. Additionally, the authors are grateful to Margaret McKean for her editorial assistance. Actual items for
any of the constructs used are available upon request. 相似文献
875.
Leslie D. Strategier Kathleen Chwalisz Elizabeth M. Altmaier Daniel W. Russell Thomas R. Lehmann 《Journal of clinical psychology in medical settings》1997,4(1):91-110
This study explored responses of chronic low back pain patients to treatment for different types of patients (dysfunctional, interpersonally distressed, and minimizer/adaptive coper), as classified using the Multidimensional Pain Inventory (MPI). In addition, changes in MPI scores during treatment were examined separately for each patient type. Finally, this study explored the relationships between changes in MPI scores and physical improvement. Between-group differences in improvement were significant, with dysfunctional patients showing the most improvement on several scales. MPI scales that best predicted physical improvement differed according to patient type. Implications for treatment of low back pain patients are suggested, based upon differential reactions to treatment and different predictors of physical improvement for each patient group. 相似文献
876.
Leslie J. Francis 《Journal of Beliefs & Values》1997,18(1):7-16
A sample of 20,968 Year 9 and Year 10 pupils provided information about their concern regarding environmental pollution, belief in God, church attendance, prayer, and view on creationism. They also completed the short form Junior Eysenck Personality Questionnaire. The data demonstrate that (after taking into account sex, age and personality) belief in God, church attendance and personal prayer are all significant predictors of greater environmental concern. After taking these religious factors into account, however, creationist beliefs are irrelevant to environmental concern. These findings are discussed against the background of theory which criticises the Christian tradition for promoting environmental exploitation rather than environmental concern. 相似文献
877.
Cynthia G. Baum Rex Forehand Leslie E. Zegiob 《Journal of psychopathology and behavioral assessment》1979,1(2):167-178
The present article reviews studies which have examined the question of observer reactivity in adult-child interactions. Seventeen studies were located. Studies were classified according to the paradigm used to examine reactivity, the setting in which the study was conducted, the identification of the child as a behavior problem, and the occurrence and direction (i.e., increases or decreases in the observed behavior) of reactivity. The results indicated that the awareness paradigm has been employed most frequently, the laboratory has been the primary setting utilized, and problem and nonproblem children have been employed with approximately equal frequency. Reactivity was reported in about three-fourths of the studies. For adults positive and neutral verbal and physical behaviors were more reactive than negative behaviors. The positive and neutral behaviors typically increased in the observer's presence. For children conclusions are not warranted at this time as too few studies have examined children's behavior.Preparation of this article was supported in part by NIMH Grant MH28859-01. 相似文献
878.
William R. Higa Roland G. Tharp Roderick P. Calkins 《Journal of experimental child psychology》1978,26(3):489-497
Kindergarten, first-grade, and second-grade children (5, 6, and 7 years of age, respectively) performed a Luria-type verbal control task in which motor responses are initiated to positive stimuli and inhibited to negative stimuli. The task was performed by motor responding only and verbal self-directed motor responding, with these conditions reversed in sequence for one half of each grade group. Although motor responding and verbal-motor responding by the two younger groups were generally poor, their performance equalled that of the second graders when the verbalizing condition followed the silent, motor-only condition. For these children, verbalizing appeared to constitute a second task which interfered with motor responding. Prior practice on motor-only responding, however, facilitated subsequent, concurrent performance of the two tasks. No interference or practice effects were found for the second graders. The results suggested that self-instructional training programs are likely to be successful when adequate verbal-motor coordination can be assumed or when the motor response is within the child's repertoire. 相似文献
879.
Previous research in sex-role identity has explored behavioral differences in a variety of contexts. Only recently, however, have differences in interaction style been investigated. The study reported here was designed to assess behavioral differences in one important type of interaction: interpersonal conflict. Of 143 college students responding to the Bem Sex-Role Inventory (BSRI), a final sample of 57 subjects provided questionnaire data on five conflict-management modes in hypothetical conflicts with others who varied on factors of sex and affective relationship with respondent. Results of the MANOVA analysis suggested that feminine persons disapprove of competition more than persons of masculine and androgynous sex-role identification. The results further suggested that masculine persons may differentiate less between liked and disliked others in their competitive behavior than do feminine and androgynous persons. Finally, results suggested that conflicts with liked, as opposed to disliked, others are managed with less competition and more accommodation, collaboration, and compromise for all sex-role identity groups. 相似文献
880.
In three experiments, subjects searched through word lists for a single target word. Search was faster when the target word belonged to a different semantic category from that of the background words with visual similarity controlled. This semantic effect increased with number of items to be searched through, and it obtained whether the target was cued visually or verbally. Semantic homogeneity within the background also speeded search, but only when subjects had no prior knowledge of the nature of a list. Several models of the semantic effect are described. All contrast the encoding of physical identity with the encoding of semantic attributes, but they differ in ascribing the effect to: (1) the relative access times for these codes, (2) the power of the codes in dealing with multiple comparisons, or (3) the attentional demands of comparison using different levels of code. 相似文献