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861.
Joan S. Tucker Howard S. Friedman Carol Tomlinson-Keasey Joseph E. Schwartz Deborah L. Wingard Michael H. Criqui Leslie R. Martin 《Journal of applied social psychology》1995,25(21):1884-1899
This study prospectively addresses whether aspects of the childhood home environment (SES and parental divorce) and personality are predictive of smoking, alcohol consumption, and physical activity in middle adulthood. Subjects were 972 males and females who participated in the Terman Life-Cycle Study. Results of hierarchical regression analyses indicated that childhood unconscientiousness, cheerfulness, and parental divorce predicted adult smoking. Childhood unconscientiousness and sociability predicted adult alcohol consumption. Physical activity was predicted by a higher energy/activity level in childhood. Results suggest that the previously found associations between childhood characteristics and health-related behaviors over shorter periods are not simply reflective of early experimentation with such behaviors, but may be indicative of long-term lifestyle patterns. 相似文献
862.
Christopher Peterson Martin E.P. Seligman Karen H. Yurko Leslie R. Martin & Howard S. Friedman 《Psychological science》1998,9(2):127-130
Participants in the Terman Life-Cycle Study completed open-ended questionnaires in 1936 and 1940, and these responses were blindly scored for explanatory style by content analysis. Catastrophizing (attributing bad events to global causes) predicted mortality as of 1991, especially among males, and predicted accidental or violent deaths especially well. These results are the first to show that a dimension of explanatory style is a risk factor for mortality in a large sample of initially healthy individuals, and they imply that one of the mechanisms linking explanatory style and death involves lifestyle. 相似文献
863.
A sample of 244 churchgoers completed the abbreviated form of the Revised Eysenck Personality Questionnaire, together with the Francis Scale of Attitude toward Christianity. The findings support the view that, among religiously committed samples, there is an inverse relationship between neuroticism scores and the strength of positive attitude toward Christianity. 相似文献
864.
The study of object cognition over the past 25 years has proceeded in two largely non-interacting camps. One camp has studied object-based visual attention in adults, while the other has studied the object concept in infants. We briefly review both sets of literature and distill from the adult research a theoretical model that we apply to findings from the infant studies. The key notion in our model of object representation is the `sticky' index, a mechanism of selective attention that points at a physical object in a location. An object index does not represent any of the properties of the entity at which it points. However, once an index is pointing to an object, the properties of that object can be examined and featural information can be associated with, or `bound' to, its index. The distinction between indexing and feature binding underwrites the distinction between object individuation and object identification, a distinction that turns out to be crucial in both the adult attention and the infant object-concept literature. By developing the indexing model, we draw together two disparate sets of literature and suggest new ways to study object-based attention in infancy. 相似文献
865.
The purpose of this study was to compare home-based and outpatient treatment for families with an emotionally disturbed child. Following treatment, both groups reported improvement in child and family functioning. Guidelines are offered to therapists working with families-at-risk of having a child removed from the home.John J. Zarski, PhD, is coordinator of the Marriage and Family Therapy Training Program and Leslie Barnes Fluharty, MS, is a doctoral student in counseling psychology at the University of Akron, Akron, OH. 相似文献
866.
Leslie K. Ross Arthur B. Straughn Charles J. Long 《Current psychology (New Brunswick, N.J.)》1992,11(1):87-93
The present study investigated the relationship of reaction time with the plasma concentration of four different formulations
of diazepam (liquid, original, new, and generic). On four separate days, over a 4-month period, subjects with normal gastric
pH (N=7) were administered each of the diazepam formulations. Blood samples were obtained prior to each dose and at subsequent
intervals. Likewise, reaction times were evaluated prior to dosing and then at ten different intervals post-dosing. As hypothesized,
reaction time performance was associated with plasma diazepam concentration, regardless of formulation type. This suggests
that reaction time is a sensitive measure of cerebral functioning for individuals who are treated with diazepam. In addition
to providing a measure of drug effects on cognitive functioning, the results of this study have implications concerning possible
hazards of operating machinery or driving motor vehicles for individuals being treated with diazepam. 相似文献
867.
Two studies examining self-disclosure as a function of discloser's gender, target's gender, topic, class standing, and self-esteem are reported. In the first study, 172 college students were given a test containing items from a modified Jourard Self-Disclosure Questionnaire and the Culture-Free Self-Esteem Inventory, and asked to report disclosure to their best, nonromantic, same-and cross-sex friends; the second study was a replication of the first, but the 138 subjects were questioned about disclosure to midling-level friends. The expected effects were found—topic, target's gender, etc.—and self-esteem level and class standing were found to influence disclosure levels as well. The 2 and correlations are reported, so that readers can see an estimate of the effects' magnitudes as well as their significance levels. 相似文献
868.
The family business is a unique entity that has recently come to the attention of business consultants and family therapists. The unique processes of family business are amendable to the applications of family systems theory, organizational development theory, and various theories that focus on individual growth and development. In this paper we review some of the basic concepts relative to understanding family businesses and briefly outline our approach to consultation with family businesses. 相似文献
869.
A sample of 244 churchgoers completed the Francis Scale of Attitude toward Christianity, together with measures of intrinsic, extrinsic and quest religiosity proposed by Batson. The findings support the view that, among a religiously committed sample, a positive attitude toward Christianity is associated positively with intrinsic religiosity and negatively with both extrinsic religiosity and quest religiosity.
Pastoral Theology and Mansel Jones Fellow at 相似文献
870.
Mapping of the Anatomical Circuit of CaM Kinase-Dependent Courtship Conditioning in Drosophila 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1 下载免费PDF全文
Mei-ling A. Joiner Leslie C. Griffith 《Learning & memory (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.)》1999,6(2):177-192
Globally inhibiting CaM kinase activity in Drosophila, using a variety of genetic techniques, disrupts associative memory yet leaves visual and chemosensory perception intact. These studies implicate CaM kinase in the plastic processes underlying learning and memory but do not identify the neural circuitry that specifies the behavior. In this study, we use the GAL4/UAS binary expression system to define areas of the brain that require CaM kinase for modulation of courtship conditioning. The CaM kinase-dependent neurons that determine the response to the mated female during conditioning and those involved in formation and expression of memory were found to be located in distinct areas of the brain. This supports the idea that courtship conditioning results in two independent behavioral modifications: a decrement in courtship during the conditioning period and an associative memory of conditioning. This study has allowed us for the first time to genetically determine the circuit of information flow for a memory process in Drosophila. The map we have generated dissects the behavior into multiple components and will provide tools that allow both molecular and electrophysiological access to this circuit. 相似文献