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51.
Mikocka-Walus Antonina Skvarc David de Acosta Manuel Barreiro Evertsz Floor Bennebroek Bernstein Charles N. Burisch Johan Ferreira Nuno Gearry Richard B. Graff Lesley A. Jedel Sharon Mokrowiecka Anna Stengel Andreas Trindade Inês A. van Tilburg Miranda A. L. Knowles Simon R. 《Journal of clinical psychology in medical settings》2022,29(3):654-665
Journal of Clinical Psychology in Medical Settings - This study aimed to explore the association between perceived isolation and symptoms of distress in people with GI disorders at the time of the... 相似文献
52.
Eliezer Schnall Sylvia Wassertheil-Smoller Charles Swencionis Vance Zemon Lesley Tinker Mary Jo O'Sullivan 《Psychology & health》2013,28(2):249-263
Some studies suggest that religiosity may be related to health outcomes. The current investigation, involving 92,395 Women's Health Initiative Observational Study participants, examined the prospective association of religious affiliation, religious service attendance, and strength and comfort from religion with subsequent cardiovascular outcomes and death. Baseline characteristics and responses to religiosity questions were collected at enrollment. Women were followed for an average of 7.7 years and outcomes were judged by physician adjudicators. Cox proportional regression models were run to obtain hazard ratios (HR) of religiosity variables and coronary heart disease (CHD) and death. After controlling for demographic, socioeconomic, and prior health variables, self-report of religious affiliation, frequent religious service attendance, and religious strength and comfort were associated with reduced risk of all-cause mortality [HR for religious affiliation = 0.84; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.75–0.93] [HR for service attendance = 0.80; CI: 0.73–0.87] [HR for strength and comfort = 0.89; CI: 0.82–0.98]. However, these religion-related variables were not associated with reduced risk of CHD morbidity and mortality. In fact, self-report of religiosity was associated with increased risk of this outcome in some models. In conclusion, although self-report measures of religiosity were not associated with reduced risk of CHD morbidity and mortality, these measures were associated with reduced risk of all-cause mortality. 相似文献
53.
A complexity cosmography is introduced as construing a world that is self-organizing, dynamic, and emergent, and that comprises organic entities that too are self-organizing, dynamic, and emergent. Following critical reflection into the nature of utilising complexity in social inquiry, specific images, vocabularies and complexity-based methods and techniques as developed by the authors are introduced. 相似文献
54.
The role of selective attention in resolving within‐object response conflict was explored in a visual‐search variant of the Simon task. We asked whether selective attention is required for the suppression of involuntary spatial response activation. In two experiments we systematically introduced delays between target onset and target selection, and between target selection and response. Participants made speeded left or right key‐presses to the colour of a target letter O that appeared among varying numbers of nontarget Qs. This difficult search task separated the time of target onset from the time of target selection. Experiment 1 showed that the time course of spatial response suppression was not synched to target onset, but to the time of selective attention to the target. In Experiment 2, the response relevant colour was delayed for variable intervals after the onset of the search array. In this way target selection could occur before the response to the target could be determined. Compatibility effects now decreased with the delay between target selection and the relevant response information. These results show that selective attention is necessary for involuntary response suppression, and they constrain possible models for the control of action in complex environments. 相似文献
55.
Lesley A. Diehl 《The Journal of genetic psychology》2013,174(3):273-287
This study is an examination of the contributions of Theodate Smith and Amy Tanner to the Children's Institute of Clark University. The institute, established in 1909 by Clark's president, G. Stanley Hall, failed to thrive as a liaison between child study and child welfare concerns for a number of reasons, including Hall's eventual disenchantment with the child welfare movement, financial difficulties, and the loss by the institute of Smith and Tanner. Both Smith and Tanner, unlike Hall, were sympathetic to child welfare concerns. Thus, Smith's death in 1914 and Tanner's departure from Clark in 1918 severed the links between the institute and child welfare interests. 相似文献
56.
57.
Sascha Hein Mei Tan Natalia Rakhlin Niamh Doyle Lesley Hart Donna Macomber Vladislav Ruchkin Elena L. Grigorenko 《Journal of child and family studies》2017,26(10):2669-2680
We investigated academic and behavioral outcomes of internationally adopted children and the associations between these outcomes and age at adoption, time spent in the adoptive family, and parenting. At two time points (T1 and T2, ~15 months apart), we examined early academic skills (school readiness), and parent-reported behavioral adjustment (internalizing and externalizing behavior) and adaptive functioning of a sample of 75 children (45.9% boys, mean age?=?5.17 years) adopted from Russia into US families. We also collected parents’ self-assessments of their parenting at T1. Children who were adopted at a younger age showed higher levels of early academic skills. Correlations between age at adoption and other outcomes were overall small and mostly non-significant. However, adoptees’ academic and behavioral progress differed notably in several respects. Specifically, adoptees improved in early academic skills over time, whereas, as a group, their adaptive functioning and behavioral adjustment remained stable within the normal range. Early academic skills were not related to behavioral adjustment at each time point and over time. The time spent in the adoptive family was positively related to early academic skills at T2. Whereas outcomes showed little to no relation to parenting as reported by mother and father separately, higher discrepancies between mothers' and fathers' reports of positive parenting were related to higher levels of behavioral symptoms and lower levels of adaptive skills at T2. These differential results may be explained in part by drawing upon the notion of dissociated domains of psychological and sociocultural adaptation and acculturation, outlined in the immigration literature. These results also bring to light the possible importance of between-parent consistency in parenting for adoptees’ behavioral outcomes. 相似文献
58.
Lesley Spencer 《Counselling and Psychotherapy Research》2006,6(2):108-114
This paper uses a narrative approach to examine some of the dilemmas that counselling trainers face when designing and running personal development activities as part of a Diploma in Counselling training programme. The research emerges from a focus group discussion by the tutors involved in piloting and evaluating an experimental personal development training programme. The themes examined include: the strengths and weaknesses of unstructured group work; whether structured activities helped quieter members to participate and learn more; how trainers can evaluate and assess students learning in relation to personal development in order to maximize student learning potential. The aim is to invite debate and further re‐tellings from other counselling trainers and practitioners in the field. 相似文献
59.
Tranter LJ Koutstaal W 《Neuropsychology, development, and cognition. Section B, Aging, neuropsychology and cognition》2008,15(2):184-207
The disuse hypothesis of cognitive aging attributes decrements in fluid intelligence in older adults to reduced cognitively stimulating activity. This study experimentally tested the hypothesis that a period of increased mentally stimulating activities thus would enhance older adults' fluid intelligence performance. Participants (N=44, mean age 67.82) were administered pre- and post-test measures, including the fluid intelligence measure, Cattell's Culture Fair (CCF) test. Experimental participants engaged in diverse, novel, mentally stimulating activities for 10-12 weeks and were compared to a control condition. Results supported the hypothesis; the experimental group showed greater pre- to post-CCF gain than did controls (effect size d=0.56), with a similar gain on a spatial-perceptual task (WAIS-R Blocks). Even brief periods of increased cognitive stimulation can improve older adults' problem solving and flexible thinking. 相似文献
60.
We compared the mobbing response to model snakes of two groups of captive-born common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) differing in genetic relatedness, age and past experience. Mobbing vocalisations (tsik calls), other mobbing behaviour and
attention to the stimulus were recorded for 2 min. intervals pre-exposure, during exposure to various stimuli and post-exposure.
Marmosets in one group were vocally reactive to all stimuli, although more so to one particular stimulus resembling rearing
snakes and modified images of it, whereas the marmosets in a younger and genetically unrelated group attended to the stimuli
but made very few mobbing calls. The parent stock of the first group had suffered stress in early life and had developed a
phobic response to a specific stimulus, which they had transmitted to their offspring. A third group, matching the older group
in age range but genetically unrelated, was also found to be unresponsive to the stimulus that elicited the strongest response
in the first group. Cortisol levels in samples of hair were assayed and a significant negative correlation was found between
the number of tsik calls made during presentation of the stimuli and the cortisol level, showing that mobbing behaviour/behavioural
reactivity is associated with low levels of physiological stress. 相似文献