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201.
A study was conducted to examine the factorial validity of the Flinders Decision Making Questionnaire (Mann, 1982), a 31-item self-report inventory designed to measure tendencies to use three major coping patterns identified in the conflict theory of decision making (Janis and Mann, 1977): vigilance, hypervigilance, and defensive avoidance (procrastination, buck-passing, and rationalization). A sample of 2051 university students, comprising samples from Australia (n=262), New Zealand (n=260), the USA (n=475), Japan (n=359), Hong Kong (n=281) and Taiwan (n=414) was administered the DMQ. Factorial validity of the instrument was tested by confirmatory factor analysis with LISREL. Five different substantive models, representing different structural relationships between the decision-coping patterns had unsatisfactory fit to the data and could not be validated. A shortened instrument, containing 22 items, yielded a revised model comprising four identifiable factors–vigilance, hypervigilance, buck-passing, and procrastination. The revised model had adequate fit with data for each country sample and for the total sample, and was confirmed. It is recommended that the 22-item instrument, named the Melbourne DMQ, replace the Flinders DMQ for measurement of decision-coping patterns. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
202.
The difficulties with formalizing the intensional notions necessity, knowability and omniscience, and rational belief are well-known. If these notions are formalized as predicates applying to (codes of) sentences, then from apparently weak and uncontroversial logical principles governing these notions, outright contradictions can be derived. Tense logic is one of the best understood and most extensively developed branches of intensional logic. In tense logic, the temporal notions future and past are formalized as sentential operators rather than as predicates. The question therefore arises whether the notions that are investigated in tense logic can be consistently formalized as predicates. In this paper it is shown that the answer to this question is negative. The logical treatment of the notions of future and past as predicates gives rise to paradoxes due the specific interplay between both notions. For this reason, the tense paradoxes that will be presented are not identical to the paradoxes referred to above. 相似文献
203.
The Undecidability of Propositional Adaptive Logic 总被引:3,自引:3,他引:0
We investigate and classify the notion of final derivability of two basic inconsistency-adaptive logics. Specifically, the
maximal complexity of the set of final consequences of decidable sets of premises formulated in the language of propositional
logic is described. Our results show that taking the consequences of a decidable propositional theory is a complicated operation.
The set of final consequences according to either the Reliability Calculus or the Minimal Abnormality Calculus of a decidable
propositional premise set is in general undecidable, and can be -complete. These classifications are exact. For first order theories even finite sets of premises can generate such consequence
sets in either calculus. 相似文献
204.
Sarah Moore Leon Grunberg Edward Greenberg Patricia Sikora 《Current psychology (New Brunswick, N.J.)》2007,26(2):71-85
In the present study, we explore agreement between company versus self-reported reasons for job loss and the degree of perceived
control employees report over the job loss, looking to see if either job loss type or perceived control is related to subsequent
levels of mastery and depression. Two thousand two hundred seventy-nine of 3,700 (61%) employees responded to a survey at
Time One; of these participants, 310 later lost their jobs and were mailed a Time Two survey. Comparison of self- versus company-reported
reasons for the job loss from the 171 usable surveys (55% response rate) revealed relatively good agreement. Roughly one third
of the former employees, however, categorized the job loss in more than one way. There was also a very strong tendency for
employees to report that they had very high control over the decision to leave the company, and nearly all employees reported
improvements to their levels of mastery and depression; exceptions to this pattern were observed for those losing their jobs
due to “rule violation” or “involuntary layoff.” Control over the job loss was related to Time Two levels of mastery and depression,
but only weakly related to changes in these outcomes moving from Time One to Time Two. 相似文献
205.
Why Sin?—A Test and an Exploration of the Social and Psychological Context of Resentment and Desire 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
This article focuses on the theory put forward by Donald Capps in his The Depleted Self (Sin in a narcissistic age. Minneapolis: Fortress Press, 1993) that there is a particular link between some forms of narcissism and the commitment of
particular deadly sins. The data in the research reported in this paper robustly validate the idea that the psychological
consequences of the bureaucratic consumer society, understood as a lack of individual well-being leading to a narcissistic
defense, show the theological relevance of the deadly sins in understanding those conditions in society which on a global
scale appear to threaten the individuality of the single person. Narcissism, both in its covert and overt mode, seems to be
the most important variable in explaining the two factors of sin: resentment and desire. In addition to the effects already
accounted for by well-being and narcissism, the possible contribution of religion and biography is explored.
相似文献
Rein NautaEmail: |
206.
Robert S. Wilson Lisa L. Barnes Carlos F. Mendes de Leon Denis A. Evans 《Intelligence》2009,37(6):545-550
We examined the relation of level of cognition to survival in a biracial community population of more than 10,000 older persons. At baseline, participants completed 4 cognitive tests from which a composite global cognitive measure was derived. During up to 14 years of follow-up (mean = 6.9 years), 4201 people died (41.6%). Higher level of cognitive function was associated with increased survival even after controlling for health related and lifestyle variables. The association did not differ between African Americans and whites; it was stronger in older than younger persons; and it was especially pronounced for perceptual speed. The results underscore the importance of cognition to survival in old age. 相似文献
207.
208.
We evaluated a contingent oral hygiene procedure on rumination emitted by a 9‐year‐old boy with autism. Results of a functional analysis screening suggested rumination was maintained by automatic reinforcement. We conducted a stimulus avoidance assessment to identify a hierarchy of potential consequences to be used in treatment. During treatment, contingent toothbrushing resulted in a 97% decrease in rumination. Finally, we transitioned to a less intrusive intervention (i.e., contingent mouthwash spray) and rumination remained at near‐zero levels. Treatment effects generalized to different settings and caregivers and maintained over a 4‐year period. 相似文献
209.
Irving G. Leon 《Infant mental health journal》1986,7(3):200-213
The effects of perinatal death on surviving and subsequent siblings have been virtually unexplored. Perinatal sibling death is considered an event with impact determined by the interaction of the child's emotiond and cognitive responses with the reactions, distortions, and communications of the parents. The potentially maladaptive aftermath of perinatal sibling death is illustrated by clinical case reports that integrate intrapsychic and family perspectives. In each case, the individual's disturbed response to perinatal sibling death complements parental inability to: (1) resolve their loss; (2) communicate accurate information about the death to their child; and (3) assist their child in dealing with his/her feelings about death. 相似文献
210.