Jasnaja-Poljana en Astapowo Tolstoj als Wijsgeer

Tolstoj werd in 1828 te Jasnaja-Poliana geboren en stierf te Astapowo in 1910.     

Time Costs for Genetic Counseling in Preconception Carrier Screening with Genome Sequencing

Advances in technology and the promise of personalized health care are driving greater use of genome sequencing (GS) for a variety of clinical scenarios. As health systems consider adopting GS, they need to understand the impact of GS on the organization and cost of care. While research has documented a dramatic decrease in the cost of sequencing and interpreting GS, few studies have examined how GS impacts genetic counseling workloads. This study examined the time needed to provide genetic counseling for GS in the context of preconception carrier screening. Genetic counselors prospectively reported on the time spent in the results disclosure process with 107 study participants who were part of the NextGen study. We found that the median time for results disclosure was 64 min (ranged from 5 to 229 min). Preparation work was the most time-consuming activity. Qualitative data from journal entries, debrief interviews with genetic counselors, and detailed case conference notes provided information on factors influencing time for results disclosure and implications for practice. Results suggest that expanded carrier screening could require significant increases in genetic counseling time, unless we are able to generate new resources to reduce preparation work or develop other strategies such as the creation of new models to deliver this type of service.     

The Fragmentation of Work,Entertainment, E-Mail,and News on a Personal Computer: Motivational Predictors of Switching Between Media Content

Personal computers allow multitasking among a greater variety of content than has ever been possible on a single device. We logged all switches made for 4 days for 30 people on personal computers used in natural environments. The median time before a switch occurred was 11 sec, shorter than previously observed. We also measured individual differences in appetitive versus defensive motivations to switch. Those people high on both motivations (Coactives) had the most switches per session. Risk takers had the shortest content segment lengths; risk avoiders and inactives were lower on the number of switches and anticipated arousal. Different patterns of content selection, in addition to switching behavior, were also observed for the different motivation activation groups. Results highlight how threads of experience that mix radically different short media segments may better define how people now search, process, and evaluate information. Implications in light of technological trends and individual differences are discussed.     

A cross-cultural study of suicide intent in parasuicide patients

As part of the WHO/EURO Multicentre Study on Parasuicide, the level of suicide intent among female and male parasuicide patients from various European regions was compared. From nine regions, a total of 1,212 parasuicide patients, 752 females and 460 males, were included in the study. Although some statistical significant differences in level of suicide intent between the regions and genders were found, the effect sizes of these relationships were so small that the differences have neither theoretical nor practical significance. As far as level of suicide intent is concerned, the WHO study has succeeded in recruiting a relatively homogeneous group of self-harming patients across borders of region, culture, and country.     

A technique for chronic recording of systemic arterial blood pressure in the unrestrained rat

A technique is described for the chronic recording of systematic arterial blood pressure, respiration, and heart rate in the unrestrained rat. The surgical implantation and anchoring procedures described are compatible with the delivery of noxious electric shock and/or rewarding intracranial brain stimulation as reinforcement. Data on catheter patency are analyzed in 65 rats participating in a variety of experiments on the instrumental and classical conditioning of blood pressure responses. The results indicate that it is difficult to maintain satisfactory catheter performance beyond 2 weeks.     

PROCTOR: An on-line student evaluation and monitoring system for use with PSI format courses

PROCTOR, an on-line interactive system for student evaluation and monitoring in courses employing the PSI format, is described. This system involves a tester module that assumes many of the routine managerial duties traditionally assigned to the student proctor, such as quiz administration and scoring, performance feedback, and complete record keeping. Also, PROCTOR includes a multipurpose editor that allows an instructor to enter, examine, or modify any information in the disk files accessed by the tester. Factors related to the implementation and use of this system are considered, and its advantages for management, quality control, and staffing in PSI courses are discussed.