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341.
Compensatory conviction in the face of personal uncertainty: going to extremes and being oneself 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
McGregor I Zanna MP Holmes JG Spencer SJ 《Journal of personality and social psychology》2001,80(3):472-488
Study 1 participants' self-integrity (C. M. Steele. 1988) was threatened by deliberative mind-set (S. E. Taylor & P. M. Gollwitzer, 1995) induced uncertainty. They masked the uncertainty with more extreme conviction about social issues. An integrity-repair exercise after the threat, however, eliminated uncertainty and the conviction response. In Study 2, the same threat caused clarified values and more self-consistent personal goals. Two other uncertainty-related threats, mortality salience and temporal discontinuity, caused similar responses: more extreme intergroup bias in Study 3, and more self-consistent personal goals and identifications in Study 4. Going to extremes and being oneself are seen as 2 modes of compensatory conviction used to defend against personal uncertainty. Relevance to cognitive dissonance and authoritarianism theories is discussed, and a new perspective on terror managenment theory (J. Greenberg, S. Solomom, & T. Pyszczynski, 1997) is proposed. 相似文献
342.
Spencer B 《Psychological reports》2001,88(1):83-84
119 undergraduate college students were administered the Rotter I-E Scale and the Motivation Sources Inventory. Scores were compared for a group of 66 students who were wearing watches and 53 students who were not wearing watches. The former had higher scores on External locus of control and higher scores on a measure of Instrumental Motivation as anticipated. 相似文献
343.
Litcher L Bromet E Carlson G Gilbert T Panina N Golovakha E Goldgaber D Gluzman S Garber J 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》2001,29(2):165-175
This paper examines the psychometric properties of the Children's Somatization Inventory (CSI) in 600 10–12-year old children in Kyiv, Ukraine, replicating and extending the original findings from a sample in Nashville, Tennessee (J. Garber et al. 1991). The Kyiv children had significantly lower CSI total scores and reported significantly fewer symptoms than the American children. The Kyiv mothers, however, reported significantly more somatization symptoms in their children than did the American mothers. A factor analysis of the children's data yielded four similar factors encompassing pseudoneurologic, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, and pain/weakness symptoms. Consistent with the findings from the Nashville study, the CSI was significantly related to the children's self-reports of health and depressive and anxiety symptoms and to maternal reports of child depression and anxiety symptoms. In addition, although more children with the highest CSI scores (25+) reported various illness experiences than those with 0–1 symptoms, no differences were found in the school absentee records. Thus, the results were congruent with the findings of the Nashville study, indicating that the CSI reliably measured somatization in this Ukrainian sample. 相似文献
344.
Spencer A. McWilliams 《Journal of School Psychology》1972,10(4):367-377
Process analysis research methodology was used to examine the interactions between 41 nonprofessional child-aides and 166 primary graders with school maladaptation in 11 urban and suburban schools. Sixty-five percent of the interaction time was spent in play activities, 15% each in conversation and tutoring. Urban schools had more tutoring, while suburban schools emphasized socialization and relation building. Learning disability children had more tutoring time and acting out children more problem conversation. Aides' personal and attitudinal attributes related to process measures. The findings indicate the feasibility and usefulness of process analysis for studying the helping interventions of nonprofessional workers. 相似文献
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Jolie Baumann Wormwood Spencer K. Lynn Lisa Feldman Barrett Karen S. Quigley 《Cognition & emotion》2016,30(3):539-549
We examined how the Boston Marathon bombings affected threat perception in the Boston community. In a threat perception task, participants attempted to “shoot” armed targets and avoid shooting unarmed targets. Participants viewing images of the bombings accompanied by affectively negative music and text (e.g., “Terror Strikes Boston”) made more false alarms (i.e., more errors “shooting” unarmed targets) compared to participants viewing the same images accompanied by affectively positive music and text (e.g., “Boston Strong”) and participants who did not view bombing images. This difference appears to be driven by decreased sensitivity (i.e., decreased ability to distinguish guns from non-guns) as opposed to a more liberal bias (i.e., favouring the “shoot” response). Additionally, the more strongly affected the participant was by the bombings, the more their sensitivity was reduced in the negatively framed condition, suggesting that this framing was particularly detrimental to the most vulnerable individuals in the affected community. 相似文献
349.
Caitlin Mauer Sara Spencer Jeffery Dungan Karen Hurley 《Journal of genetic counseling》2016,25(2):290-297
Women with BRCA mutations are inundated with decisions about managing cancer risks and childbearing considerations. Decisions become more complicated when women face disclosing their mutation and risk-reduction options to a romantic partner. This study identifies the concerns and perspectives of male romantic partners regarding these unique decisions. Twenty-five male participants completed an online survey posted to cancer support group message boards. Participants reported relationship changes regarding intimacy levels (n?=?9), attraction (n?=?2), and communication (n?=?22) after mutation disclosure. Participants whose partners had not undergone prophylactic mastectomy (n?=?14) reported concerns regarding sexual relations (n?=?5), post-surgical appearance (n?=?2), post-surgical attraction (n?=?5), and health/lifespan (n?=?9). Participants did not express attitude changes toward childbearing. While mutation disclosure conversations and surgical options are concerns for many BRCA mutation carriers in relationships, male partners share these concerns. Aspects of the relationship may change, but male study participants continued to support their partners. This information can benefit female BRCA mutation carriers, their current or future partners, and genetic counselors working with this particular population. 相似文献
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