父亲严厉教养与父亲及儿童心理行为特点的关系：父亲与儿童类似性判断的调节作用

本研究分别调查了338名中国父母的严厉教养、抑郁情感与婚姻满意度及其独生子女的情感失调与攻击行为情况。研究结果显示父亲对儿童与自己的类似性判断减弱了父亲严厉教养与儿童的情感失调和攻击行为间的联系,但加强了父亲的严厉教养与抑郁和婚姻不满意度间的关系。这些发现支持了父母教养的进化观点,降低父亲的生殖疑虑可能具有进化适应性,父亲与儿童的类似性判断会提高父亲对儿童的投资     

MK-801与环境线索交互作用对吗啡行为敏感化的影响

为探讨MK-801与环境线索交互作用对吗啡诱导行为敏感化的影响,将42只大鼠随机分为对照组,MK-801组,吗啡组（匹配和非匹配）和MK-801+吗啡组（匹配和非匹配）。行为敏感化模型建立分为发展期,戒断期和表达期三个阶段。实验结果发现：同时给予MK-801（0.1mg·kg-1）会促进吗啡（5mg·kg-1）诱导大鼠行为敏感化的发展,而且会使MK-801成为大鼠行为敏感化表达所必需的条件性刺激。MK-801的内部线索作用过强,从而削弱了环境的外部线索作用。研究结果表明：MK-801对吗啡诱导行为敏感化的影响存在状态依赖（state-dependency）现象,提示在NMDA受体与行为敏感化关系的研究中应考虑选择刺激特性更小的药物     

归类不确定情景下特征推理的综合条件概率模型

用大学生被试,通过三个实验探讨在集中呈现类别成员样本信息的归类不确定情景下的特征推理。实验结果表明,单纯的归类确定性程度和靶类别靶特征的代表性并不直接影响被试的特征推理,而是预测特征相对于目标特征的综合条件概率直接影响被试的特征推理;特征推理不是基于类别中介的间接推理,而是基于特征关联综合条件概率的直接推理。实验结果支持作者提出的预测特征综合条件概率模型。     

情境模型的实质：命题符号与知觉符号之争

阅读理解中情境模型的建构是当今阅读研究的热点。传统命题符号理论认为情境模型是组相关命题,是非模式符号系统;随着知识表征理论的发展,知觉符号理论认为情境模型的建构包括模式符号系统,即含有知觉符号。文章对比了两种理论对情境模型的不同解释,并介绍了相关的实证研究,最后对未来验证两种理论的研究方向进行了展望。     

儿童数字估计中的心理长度

从儿童对数字属性的认识角度探讨一年级儿童在不同数字范围中采用不同表征形式的根本原因。两个实验均采用数字线估计任务,实验一测量一年级儿童在15cm数字线长度下0～100与0～1000两种范围上的数字估计;实验二测量一年级儿童对0～1000范围10cm和20cm数字线长度的估计。结果显示,无论在不同的数字范围还是在不同的数字线长度下,儿童对低端数字的估计均存在心理长度,即儿童倾向于将低端数字与固定的线段长度对应起来,且这种对应关系不随数字范围与数字线长度的变化而变化。心理长度的存在是儿童在不同数字范围和不同数字线长度中采用不同数字表征形式的根本原因,也是儿童对数概念的认识发展到等距水平时出现的一种独特特点。     

Theta band behavioral fluctuations synchronized interpersonally during cooperation

Psychonomic Bulletin & Review - Human behavior fluctuates. A growing body of evidence has demonstrated that behavioral performance in perception fluctuates rhythmically, with dynamics closely...     

Body Talk on Social Networking Sites,Body Surveillance,and Body Shame among Young Adults: The Roles of Self-Compassion and Gender

The present study examined whether body talk on social networking sites (SNSs) was positively associated with body surveillance and body shame and whether body surveillance would mediate the relationship between body talk on SNSs and body shame. We also tested whether the links from body talk on SNSs to body surveillance and body shame would be moderated by self-compassion. Furthermore, the moderating role of gender in the mediation model was examined. The model was tested with 194 female and 119 male Chinese university students who completed questionnaires regarding body talk on SNSs, body surveillance, body shame, and self-compassion. Results indicated that body talk on SNSs was positively related to body surveillance and body shame. The relationship between body talk on SNSs and body shame was mediated by body surveillance. Furthermore, self-compassion moderated the association between body talk on SNSs and body shame. No gender difference was found in the mediation model. Findings from the current study provide new insights into the development of objectified body consciousness among women, as well as among men, and highlight the potential value of promoting self-compassion in the prevention of body image concerns.

     

类别特征相似性与竞争性的线性变化对特征推理的影响

探讨在双类别情境中,新项目与类别成员的关系对特征推理的影响.共包括两个实验,被试是62名大一年级学生.实验1与实验2分别探讨在有无类别标签的情况下,诊断特征数量的增减对新项目预测特征推理的影响,即探讨类别特征相似性与竞争性的线性变化对特征推理的影响.结果表明:无论有无类别标签,诊断特征数量的增减对新项目预测特征的推理影响是相同的,即相似性与竞争性的线性变化对特征推理的影响是相同的.     

先秦时期的交友之道

先秦时期对朋友关系已很重视,列为五伦之一.交友的基本原则是信:朋友之间应该互相理解,互相信任,互相帮助,互相包容.朋友关系有三个层次:审美层次的知音之交,道义层次的知心之交,功利层次的市道之交.     

Cultural differences in self-verification: The role of naïve dialecticism

This research presents the first evidence of cultural differences in self-verification and the role of naïve dialecticism in mediating these differences. Chinese, Asian-American, and non-Asian American students completed a series of personality tests, and were presented with bogus feedback that was either self-consistent or self-discrepant, and either positive or negative. Whereas non-Asians self-verified (i.e., tended to exhibit resistance), mainland Chinese and Asian-American participants tended to adjust their self-views when they received (either positive or negative) feedback that contradicted their prevailing self-conceptions. Mediated moderation analyses showed that naïve dialecticism, mediated cultural differences in self-verification.