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231.
In four experiments, we tested the hypothesis that survival motivation is grounded in the physical experience of bitter taste. Chinese (Experiment 1) and non-Chinese participants (Experiment 2) who tasted a bitter drink were quicker than the control participants who drank plain water in responding to survival-related words in a lexical decision task. Chinese participants who chewed bitter lotus root were more likely to discount the future than those who chewed sour lemon (Experiment 3). Finally, surprise retention tests revealed that experiencing a bitter rather than sweet taste led to higher retention of words processed for survival rather than mating scenarios (Experiment 4). These findings support our prediction that the taste of bitterness embodies survival motivation because both are adaptations to harsh environment. 相似文献
232.
趋化因子受体CXCR4与其特异性配体CXCL12结合,形成CXCL12/CXCR4生物学轴,可以介导体内多个信号通路的转导,并受多种因子的调节,与白血病细胞的存活、生长、迁移、浸润、耐药、复发等密切相关.针对CXCL12/CXCR4轴的靶向治疗为白血病的治疗开辟了新途径. 相似文献
233.
内镜应用于临床已经二十余年,内镜新技术的发展和应用,使外科领域发生了翻天覆地的变化,微创腔镜辅助和完全腔镜下甲状腺手术迅速发展,许多外科医师已经成功开展了腔镜下甲状腺癌根治术,并尝试应用达芬奇机器人手术治疗甲状腺癌,取得了很好的效果,但达芬奇手术和腔镜手术的孰优孰劣还需要大样本和随机对照研究,临床上仍有许多亟待解决的问题. 相似文献
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237.
We report on the formation of a new crystalline approximant phase of the icosahedral (i-)Al–Cu–Fe quasicrystal. This phase is formed during sintering of Al-based composites reinforced with i-AlCuFeB quasicrystalline particles. The structure of this phase has been characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and high-resolution electron microscopy (HREM). TEM revealed that it is a B-centred orthorhombic phase with lattice parameters a = 1.166 nm, b = 1.195 nm and c = 3.44 nm. Its chemical composition, as determined by electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS), is close to Al76.9Cu2.7Fe20.4, with an average number of valence electrons per atom e/a of 1.92, similar to the value in all other approximants of the i-phase discovered thus far. Initial results on local atomic arrangements along one of its pseudo-5-fold axes are also presented. 相似文献
238.
Changhui Lei 《Philosophical Magazine Letters》2013,93(3):167-176
The microstructure of long-period TiAl 2 deformed at room temperature has been studied by means of transmission electron microscopy. Dislocations, stacking faults and twins were found to contribute to the deformation. A screw superdislocation with Burgers vector d 110] dissociates into two ½ d 110] super-partial dislocations associated with an antiphase boundary. The ½; d 110] super-partial dislocation further dissociates into two Shockley partial dislocations associated with a portion of complex intrinsic stacking fault on the closest-packed {111} plane. The propagation of stacking faults on successive {111} planes yields an order twin. 相似文献
239.
The effect of the image force on the Peierls stress (τ p ) of a screw dislocation below a free surface is studied via a self-consistent semidiscrete variational Peierls–Nabarro model. The consequence of reduction in elastic energy and increase in stacking fault energy by the presence of the free surface is found to additively increase the Peierls stress (τ p ). This model gives a physical interpretation of the same tend observed in a recent molecular dynamic study, while previous continuum analysis predicted the opposite. 相似文献
240.
{111} stacking faults and nanotwins in epitaxial BaTiO3 thin films on MgO substrates have been investigated by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. In many cases, the stacking faults and nanotwins were found to be accompanied by partial dislocations. These partial dislocations can be classified as two different types, analogous to the situation in the fcc structure. One is of the Shockley type with the Burgers vector (a/3)<112>. The other is of the Frank type with the Burgers vector (a/3)<111>. The movements of both types of partial can lead to the {111} stacking faults and the {111} twins observed in these films. 相似文献