目标包含结构的文本阅读中目标信息的激活

探讨读者在阅读目标包含结构的文本时,目标信息的恢复激活的条件。运用移动窗口技术,采用3（已经实现、尚未实现与控制条件）×3（强目标愈合信号、弱目标愈合信号与无目标愈合信号）的实验设计。结果是子目标实现与否有主效应,目标愈合信号有主效应,目标实现条件和目标愈合信号有交互作用。结论是在目标包含结构的文本阅读中,目标信息表现出恢复激活的方式,目标愈合信号是目标信息恢复的必要条件,弱的目标愈合信号就可以激活长时记忆中已实现的目标信息,而较强的目标愈合信号才能激活长时记忆中尚未实现的目标信息     

内隐学习的人工神经网络模型

近年来,人工神经网络模型常被用来模拟各种心理活动,从而为心理学的一些相关理论提供丰富的证据,内隐学习也不例外。基于权重调整来学习正确反应的人工神经网络模型和内隐学习的两大本质特征间有着极为相应的匹配,因此,人工神经网络模型特别适用于内隐学习研究。到目前为止,针对两种较为普遍的内隐学习任务,已经相应地出现了两种使用较为广泛的神经网络模型——自动联系者和简单循环网络     

正常大学生唇读语音识别编码方式的实验研究

本研究探讨了编码方式和音素可见性对正常大学生唇读语音识别的影响.结果表明:编码方式和音素可见性共同交互作用于语音识别的过程,在正确率和反应时上都表现显著.编码方式、音素可见性在识别的效果上分别表现出不同的特点.     

The Effect of Communication Change on Long‐term Reductions in Child Exposure to Conflict: Impact of the Promoting Strong African American Families (ProSAAF) Program

African American couples (n = 331) with children, 89% of whom were married, were assigned to either (a) a culturally sensitive couple‐ and parenting‐enhancement program (ProSAAF) or (b) an information‐only control condition in which couples received self‐help materials. Husbands averaged 41 years of age and wives averaged 39 years. We found significant effects of program participation in the short term on couple communication, which was targeted by the intervention, as well as over the long term, on self‐reported arguing in front of children. Long‐term parenting outcomes were fully mediated by changes in communication for wives, but not for husbands. For husbands, positive change depended on amount of wife reported change. We conclude that wives' changes in communication from baseline to posttest may be more pivotal for the couples' long‐term experience of decreased arguing in front of children than are husbands' changes, with wives' changes leading to changes in both partners' reports of arguments in front of children.     

The Role of Leadership and Trust in Creating Structural Patterns of Team Procedural Justice: A Social Network Investigation

We adopt a social network perspective to investigate the distinct structural patterns (i.e., centralization and density) of procedural justice (PJ) in teams and the antecedent factors that create them. Across 2 longitudinal field studies in which we gathered social network data from 1,008 workers on 138 teams (Study 1) in China and 672 workers on 125 teams (Study 2) in the United States, we found that differentiation in leader–member exchange relationships significantly influenced the centralization and density of PJ within a team by affecting the level of intrateam trust. Specifically, the more differentiated leader treatment team members received, the lower the level of trust within a team, which resulted in more concentrated (high centralization) and fewer (low density) social interactions among members regarding team PJ. Furthermore, differentiated leader treatment of team members was especially damaging to intrateam trust and, in turn, the structural patterns of team PJ when team members were in close proximity and highly sensitive to equity issues.     

纳米金材料在肿瘤诊治研究中的相关进展

目前肿瘤的早期诊断依然是需要攻克的难关,现有的抗肿瘤药物因具有较大毒性且缺乏组织特异性而存在很大的局限性.纳米金基于能够被多种基团修饰后获得对肿瘤细胞的靶向性的特点逐渐成为当前抗肿瘤研究的热点.纳米金自身具有独特的生物活性,同时具有光热效应,也可以作为载体负载药物,以上3种特点均可应用于新药物的开发,用于肿瘤诊治方面的研究.本文从这三个方面描述了近期纳米金的研究进展.     

Blue or red? The effects of colour on the emotions of Chinese people

Two experiments were performed to examine the effects of red and blue on the emotional pleasure of Chinese people. Experiment 1 explored the effects of the ‘physical’ colours red and blue on emotion, and the results showed that red induced positive and negative emotion, while blue only induced positive emotion. Experiment 2 further explored the effects of the ‘verbal’ colours red and blue on emotion, and the results showed that red induced only positive emotion, while blue induced neither positive nor negative emotion. The findings indicate that the influence of colour on emotion is rooted in both natural and social associations. For Chinese, the associations between blue and positive emotion, and red and negative emotion, were natural associations; however, the associations between red and positive emotion were social associations. Moreover, physical colour and verbal colour stimuli induced emotions by activating different mechanisms: physical colour induced emotions via both natural and social associations, whereas verbal colour induced emotions via social associations.     

基于原型特征因果关系的归纳推理研究

两个实验探讨新特征与类别原型特征之间存在因果关系时,因果关系对归纳推理的影响.实验1探讨不同典型性条件下,新特征与原型特征间的因果关系对归纳推理的影响.实验2探讨不同多样性条件下,新特征与原型特征间的因果关系对归纳推理的影响.研究结果表明,当新特征与原型特征之间存在因果关系时,因果关系会影响归纳推理的力度,但样例典型性和多样性仍是影响人们归纳推理的重要因素.     

语言线索下视觉空间知觉任务的性别差异

为了探索不同方位辨别方式的男女差异,采用自编的经过心理测量学检测符合指标的空间知觉量表和三个语言线索下方位辨别任务范式实验,在测验和实验3中设计两种空间知觉加工方式,即东西南北和前后左右;在实验1中设计东西南北;在实验2中设计前后左右。测验,实验1和实验3均发现,在东西南北方位辨别上存在显著的性别差异,且男生优于女生;测验,实验2和实验3均发现,在前后左右方位辨别上不存在显著的性别差异。这表明男生更擅长于使用东西南北的方位辨别方式。     

The counselor perspective on the use of directives in counseling in China: Are directives different in China as in the United States?

Eight Chinese counselors were interviewed about their use of directives in counseling. They typically believed that directives can be beneficial in counseling Chinese clients. They used directives to extend the influence of counseling beyond sessions, meet client needs and expectations, and fit their own personality and orientation. In terms of conditions that need to be met for directives to be helpful, they identified client factors such as readiness, communication styles, past experience, and insight; the counselor factor of ability to communicate directives; and the therapeutic relationship. They emphasized the importance of clients acquiring a new perspective as a result of directives. Cultural factors in using directives are discussed.