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201.
Matthew Tyler Boden Marcel O. Bonn-Miller Anka A. Vujanovic Kent D. Drescher 《Journal of psychopathology and behavioral assessment》2012,34(4):433-439
The present investigation utilized a prospective design to investigate associations between changes in self-reported avoidant and active coping occurring during residential treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and PTSD symptom severity at treatment discharge. Participants were 636 military Veteran patients (91.4?% male; M age?=?51.7?years) admitted to a Veterans Affairs (VA) residential rehabilitation program for PTSD, between 2000 and 2008. Results indicated that increases in avoidant coping and decreases in active coping from treatment intake to discharge were simultaneously and incrementally predictive of total PTSD symptom severity at treatment discharge, after accounting for PTSD symptom severity at treatment intake. These findings hold particular relevance for treatment-seeking populations with severe PTSD and researchers and clinicians attempting to understand and treat these populations. 相似文献
202.
Numbers and prices can be processed and encoded in three different forms: 1) visual [based on their written form in Arabic numerals (e.g., 72)], 2) verbal [based on spoken word-sounds (e.g., “seventy” and “two”), and 3) analog (based on judgments of relative “size” or amount (e.g., more than 70 but less than 80)]. In this paper, we demonstrate that including commas (e.g., $1599 vs. $1599) and cents (e.g., $1599.85 vs. $1599) in a price's Arabic written form (i.e., how it is perceived visually) can change how the price is encoded and represented verbally in a consumer's memory. In turn, the verbal encoding of a written price can influence assessments of the numerical magnitude of the price. These effects occur because consumers non-consciously perceive that there is a positive relationship between syllabic length and numerical magnitude. Three experiments are presented demonstrating this important effect. 相似文献
203.
Multiple spatial cues are utilized to orient with respect to the environment, but it remains unclear why feature (i.e., objects
in the environment) and geometric (i.e., shape of the environment) cues are differentially influenced by enclosure size, and
the extent to which local (i.e., wall lengths and corner angles) and global (i.e., principal axis of space) geometric cues
are influenced by enclosure size. In the present study, we investigated the extent to which environmental size influenced
the use of corner angle (i.e., a local geometric cue) and the principal axis of space (i.e., a global geometric cue) for reorientation.
We developed an orientation task that allowed the manipulation of enclosure size during training and the isolation of the
use of the principal axis of space during testing. Participants were trained to respond to a location in either a small or
a large trapezoid-shaped enclosure uniquely specified by both local (i.e., wall lengths and corner angles) and global (i.e.,
principal axis of space) geometric cues. During testing, we presented both groups with a small and large rectangle (to assess
the use of principal axis of space) and a small and large parallelogram (to asses relative use of corner angles and the principal
axis of space when in conflict). Enclosure size influenced the relative use of corner angles but not of the principal axis
of space. Results suggest that corner angles function like features and that changes in the use of feature cues are the source
of the relative reliance on feature and geometric cues during changes of enclosure size. 相似文献
204.
Yu-Tsai Wang Ignatius S. B. Nip Jordan R. Green Ray D. Kent Jane Finley Kent Cara Ullman 《Behavior research methods》2012,44(4):1121-1128
The present study investigates the accuracy of perceptually and acoustically determined inspiratory loci in spontaneous speech for the purpose of identifying breath groups. Sixteen participants were asked to talk about simple topics in daily life at a comfortable speaking rate and loudness while connected to a pneumotach and audio microphone. The locations of inspiratory loci were determined on the basis of the aerodynamic signal, which served as a reference for loci identified perceptually and acoustically. Signal detection theory was used to evaluate the accuracy of the methods. The results showed that the greatest accuracy in pause detection was achieved (1) perceptually, on the basis of agreement between at least two of three judges, and (2) acoustically, using a pause duration threshold of 300 ms. In general, the perceptually based method was more accurate than was the acoustically based method. Inconsistencies among perceptually determined, acoustically determined, and aerodynamically determined inspiratory loci for spontaneous speech should be weighed in selecting a method of breath group determination. 相似文献
205.
Nancy Garon Julie Longard Bethany Craig Kiera Kent 《Journal of cognition and development》2013,14(2):286-301
The current study investigated the effect of frequency of loss and awareness on the ability to make advantageous decisions in preschoolers using a child variant of the Iowa Gambling Task (Bechara, Damasio, Damasio, & Anderson, 1994). Preschoolers (N = 50) were randomly assigned to either a low loss frequency (0.1) or a high loss frequency (0.5) condition. The results suggested that increase in frequency of loss and higher awareness improved performance in the 4-year-olds. Finally, further analysis indicated that the effect of increased frequency on decision making was partially mediated by increased awareness of the game. The findings have implications for the integration of explicit and implicit processes in making adaptive choices. 相似文献
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207.
Cecilia Åslund Erika Comasco Niklas Nordquist Jerzy Leppert Lars Oreland Kent W. Nilsson 《Aggressive behavior》2013,39(1):52-63
Twin and adoption studies have demonstrated a significant contribution of both genetic and environmental factors to antisocial and delinquent behavior. Associations have been reported between the serotonin transporter (5‐HTT) and aggression, and between socioeconomic status (SES), aggression, and serotonergic functions of the brain. We aimed to investigate associations between the 5‐HTTLPR genotype and family SES in relation to delinquent behavior among adolescents. A total of 1,467 17‐ to 18‐year‐old students in the county of Västmanland, Sweden, anonymously completed a questionnaire and gave a saliva sample. Family SES had a U‐shaped relation to delinquency, where adolescents with low and high family SES were the most delinquent. There were curvilinear interactions between the 5‐HTTLPR genotype and family SES in relation to delinquency. Among individuals having high family SES, boys with the LL (homozygous for the long allele) or LS (heterozygous) genotypes and girls with the SS (homozygous for the short allele) or LS (heterozygous) genotypes showed the highest delinquency scores. Among individuals having low family SES, boys with the LL (homozygous for the long allele) genotype and girls with the LS (heterozygous) genotype showed the highest delinquency scores. The present study suggests evidence for an interaction between family SES and the 5‐HTTLPR genotype in relation to juvenile delinquency. Aggr. Behav. 39:52‐63, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 相似文献
208.
209.
210.
Lora M. Cope Elsa Ermer Prashanth K. Nyalakanti Vince D. Calhoun Kent A. Kiehl 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》2014,42(4):659-668
Psychopathy-related paralimbic and limbic structural brain abnormalities have been implicated in incarcerated adult and adolescent male samples. However, there have been few neuroimaging studies of psychopathic traits in females in general and no studies from incarcerated female youth in particular. Here we present the first study to examine the relationship between brain gray matter volumes and psychopathic traits (assessed using the Psychopathy Checklist-Youth Version [PCL-YV]) in a sample of maximum-security incarcerated female adolescents (N?=?39; mean age?=?17.6 years). Consistent with male samples, regional gray matter volumes were negatively related to psychopathic traits in female youth offenders in limbic and paralimbic areas, including orbitofrontal cortex, parahippocampal cortex, temporal poles, and left hippocampus. These results provide evidence that psychopathic traits manifest similar neural abnormalities across sex and age. 相似文献