全文获取类型
收费全文 | 27488篇 |
免费 | 1073篇 |
国内免费 | 19篇 |
出版年
2020年 | 286篇 |
2019年 | 311篇 |
2018年 | 439篇 |
2017年 | 465篇 |
2016年 | 490篇 |
2015年 | 321篇 |
2014年 | 427篇 |
2013年 | 2086篇 |
2012年 | 718篇 |
2011年 | 787篇 |
2010年 | 531篇 |
2009年 | 479篇 |
2008年 | 730篇 |
2007年 | 678篇 |
2006年 | 639篇 |
2005年 | 556篇 |
2004年 | 545篇 |
2003年 | 543篇 |
2002年 | 559篇 |
2001年 | 696篇 |
2000年 | 669篇 |
1999年 | 537篇 |
1998年 | 281篇 |
1997年 | 299篇 |
1996年 | 293篇 |
1995年 | 284篇 |
1992年 | 515篇 |
1991年 | 469篇 |
1990年 | 465篇 |
1989年 | 439篇 |
1988年 | 459篇 |
1987年 | 423篇 |
1986年 | 470篇 |
1985年 | 451篇 |
1984年 | 393篇 |
1983年 | 352篇 |
1979年 | 417篇 |
1978年 | 348篇 |
1977年 | 296篇 |
1976年 | 301篇 |
1975年 | 349篇 |
1974年 | 445篇 |
1973年 | 473篇 |
1972年 | 352篇 |
1971年 | 374篇 |
1970年 | 341篇 |
1969年 | 369篇 |
1968年 | 441篇 |
1967年 | 400篇 |
1966年 | 421篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
811.
Jay W. Rojewski Peihua Sheng 《Journal of multicultural counseling and development》1993,21(4):211-226
Comparative analysis of 204 African-American and White students' perceptions toward secondary vocational education revealed that students formed perceptions toward these programs from a multidimensional perspective. Generally, African-American female students held positive perceptions whereas African-American male students held negative perceptions toward vocational education programs. 相似文献
812.
James W. McAllister 《Erkenntnis》1993,38(2):203-222
The central terms of certain theories which were valued highly in the past, such as the phlogiston theory, are now believed by realists not to refer. Laudan and others have claimed that, in the light of the existence of such theories, scientific realism is untenable. This paper argues in response that realism is consistent with — and indeed is able to explain — such theories' having been highly valued and yet not being close to the truth. It follows that the set of highly-valued past theories cited by Laudan, presumed to militate against realism, is in fact innocuous to the doctrine. The argument hinges largely on identifying the grounds on which theory-adoption is actually performed. 相似文献
813.
George A. Clum Ph.D. Patti Lou Watkins Janet W. Borden Susan E. Broyles John Hayes 《Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy》1993,11(4):179-193
The present study evaluated the efficacy of a new intervention, Guided Imaginal Coping (GIC), compared to imaginal exposure (IEX), and a waiting-list control (WLC) condition among 24 clinic outpatients meeting DSM-III-R criteria for panic disorder (PD) or PD with agoraphobia. GIC was the more consistently effective intervention, with individuals demonstrating significant improvement in frequency and severity of panic attacks (Pas) as well as significant reductions in physiological and subjective arousal to provocative imagery. Individuals in the IEX intervention demonstrated less consistent improvement on the dependent measures, while individuals in the WLC condition essentially remained unchanged. Both GIC and IEX were effective according to a composite measure of clinically significant improvement. However, only GIC was superior to the WLC condition when clinical improvement was defined as zero PAs at follow-up. These findings, while preliminary, suggest that GIC can be added to the armamentarium of effective approaches to treating PD. 相似文献
814.
Scott W. Henggeler Ph.D. Gary B. Melton Ph.D. Linda A. Smith B.A. Sonja K. Schoenwald M.A. Jerome H. Hanley Ph.D. 《Journal of child and family studies》1993,2(4):283-293
In a randomized clinical trial, multisystemic family preservation was shown to significantly reduce rates of criminal activity and incarceration in a sample of 84 serious juvenile offenders and their multi-need families. In the current study, archival records were searched for re-arrest an average of 2.4 years post-referral. Survival analysis showed that youths who received multisystemic family preservation were less likely to be re-arrested than were youths who had received usual services. Such results represent the first controlled demonstration that family preservation, when delivered via a clearly specified treatment model, has lasting effects with serious juvenile offenders. Implications for family preservation and juvenile justice research are discussed. 相似文献
815.
K. W. M. Fulford 《Theoretical medicine and bioethics》1993,14(4):305-320
Analyses of biological concepts of disease and social conceptions of health indicate that they are structurally interdependent. This in turn suggests the need for a bridge theory of illness. The main features of such a theory are an emphasis on the logical properties of value terms, close attention to the features of the experience of illness, and an analysis of this experience as action failure, drawing directly on the internal structure of action. The practical applications of this theory are outlined for a number of problems in each of the three main practical areas, clinical work, teaching and research. In each case the resources of the theory suggest new models and generate new results. The full practical significance of the theory, however, is shown to consist in the way in which it ties together biological and social theories into an integrated picture of the conceptual structure of medicine as a whole. It is argued, finally, that practical efficiency of this kind is a test of theory not only in the philosophy of medicine but also in general philosophy. 相似文献
816.
Tolbutamide has previously been shown to amplify the pressor effects of “exogenous” catecholamines in conscious dogs, possibly due to sensitization of the α1-adrenoreceptor-mediated vasoconstriction. The objective of this study was to examine if tolbutamide also amplifies the pressor effects of “endogenous” catecholamines released during psychological stress (classical Pavlovian aversive conditioning). Experiments were conducted in β-adrenoreceptor-blocked (propranolol, 1 mg/kg, i.v.) conscious dogs (n=4) trained in classical aversive conditioning. Conditioning was accomplished by following a tone (CS+) with a 1/2 second shock; another tone (CS-) was not followed by any shock and served as control. With saline pretreatment, aversive conditioning (i.e., CS+) increased mean arterial pressure (MAP) only by approximately 4.7% when compared to CS-, whereas with tolbutamide (45 mg/kg, i.v.) pretreatment, the increase in MAP induced by CS+ beyond what was induced by the CS- (approximately 6.2%) was significantly (p<0.05) larger than that with saline pretreatment. In isolated canine femoral arterial segments (n=4), the vasoconstrictor effect of phenylephrine (an α1-agonist) at 5×10?6M (which was the EC50 value) was amplified by 2×10?2M of tolbutamide from 54.0±2.0% to 66.9±2.1%. In conclusion, tolbutamide amplifies the pressor effects of “endogenous” catecholamines in conscious dogs, possibly by sensitization of the α1-adrenoreceptor-mediated vasoconstriction. This mechanism of action is novel and has not been reported with other agents. 相似文献
817.
Freddy A. Paniagua Ph.D. Adel Wassef M.D. Michael O'Boyle M.D. Ph.D. Sylvia A. Linares M.S.W. Israel Cuellar Ph.D. 《Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy》1993,23(2):77-94
A difficult case in psychotherapy can be defined in many ways. This study proposes a model for that definition, in which three domains (patient characteristics, case characteristics, and therapist characteristics) are considered to impact on that definition. A total of 264 professionals received a questionnaire to assess the relative importance of a series of variables within and across these domains. Wilcoxon Matched-Pairs Signed-Ranks tests indicated that patient characteristics were considered more important than therapist or case characteristics in defining a difficult case. Case characteristics were considered more important than therapist characteristics. Pearson correlations, however, suggested that the three domains in the model are related. Correlations (for years of experience) and Kruskal-Wallis one-way ANOVA for ranks (for professions) also indicated that participants were able to identify variables within domains as important in that definition regardless of years of experience or professions. Across domains, the most important variables included the motivation of the client (a patient characteristic), dropout/attrition and multiple diagnoses (case characteristics), and the degree of therapist-client racial similarity (a therapist characteristic). 相似文献
818.
Stephanie A. Fishkin Steve Sussman Alan W. Stacy Clyde W. Dent Dee Burton Brian R. Flay 《Journal of applied social psychology》1993,23(13):1051-1068
Adolescents tend to categorize themselves and their peers into discrete ingroups and outgroups. A comparison of ingroup versus outgroup perceptions of the characteristics of high-risk youth was investigated. Based on current stereotype research, we examined the perspective that outgroup members would hold a more extreme stereotype of high-risk youth compared to the perceptions of ingroup members. A total of 955 7th- and 10th-grade southern California adolescents completed a questionnaire regarding the characteristics of their own peer group and a high-risk group. Support was obtained for an extremity of judgement effect. Outgroup youth perceived that their high-risk peers engaged in fewer school and nonschool low-risk activities, more high-risk activities, and greater drug use than did ingroup members. Outgroup members also held perceptions of high-risk youth as less likely to hold a white-collar job than did the ingroup members. The perceptions that adolescents have of these groups may play major roles in their own social behavior. The implications of these results for future tobacco use prevention programs are considered. 相似文献
819.
820.
Lori J. Stark Lenora G. Knapp Anne M. Bowen Scott W. Powers Elissa Jelalian Sylvia Evans Mary Anne Passero Mary M. Mulvihill Mel Hovell 《Journal of applied behavior analysis》1993,26(4):435-450
Three mildly malnourished children with cystic fibrosis and their parents participated in a behavioral group-treatment program that focused on promoting and maintaining increased calorie consumption. Treatment included nutritional education, gradually increasing calorie goals, contingency management, and relaxation training, and was evaluated in a multiple baseline design across four meals. Children's calorie intake increased across meals, and total calorie intake was 32% to 60% above baseline at posttreatment. Increased calorie consumption was maintained at the 96-week follow-up (2 years posttreatment). The children's growth rates in weight and height were greater during the 2 years following treatment than the year prior to treatment. Increases in pace of eating and calories consumed per minute were also observed 1 year posttreatment. These findings replicated and extended earlier research supporting the efficacy of behavioral intervention in the treatment of malnutrition in children with cystic fibrosis. 相似文献