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121.
Michael D. Barnett Tracey Ledoux Luz M. Garcini Jeff Baker 《Journal of clinical psychology in medical settings》2009,16(2):194-199
A body of research has demonstrated that the Type D personality is a risk factor among cardiac patients. Previous studies
validating the Type D Scale (DS14) across other clinical groups have not included chronic pain patients in their samples.
The purpose of this study was to investigate the construct and concurrent validity of the DS14 using the MMPI-2. The DS14
and its two component subscales demonstrated strong internal consistency among chronic pain patients. The two subscales of
the DS14 were found to be related to similar clinical scales on the MMPI-2, and significant differences were found in the
MMPI-2 profiles of individuals with and without the Type D personality. Considerations for clinical practice and research
are discussed. 相似文献
122.
Although computational models of eye-movement control during reading have been used to explain how saccadic programming, visual
constraints, attention allocation, and lexical processing jointly affect eye movements during reading, these models have largely
ignored the issue of how higher level, postlexical language processing affects eye movements. The present article shows how
one of these models, E-Z Reader (Pollatsek, Reichle, & Rayner, 2006c), can be augmented to redress this limitation. Simulations
show that with a few simple assumptions, the model can account for the fact that effects of higher level language processing
are not observed on eye movements when such processing is occurring without difficulty, but can capture the patterns of eye
movements that are observed when such processing is slowed or disrupted. 相似文献
123.
Shannon G. Taylor Donald H. Kluemper Kerry S. Sauley 《Journal of business and psychology》2009,24(3):299-314
Purpose Past research has shown little support for direct relationships between equity sensitivity and various equity-relevant criteria.
Recent work by Davison and Bing (J Manag Issues 20: 131–150, 2008) suggests that equity sensitivity consists of separate input-
and outcome-focus dimensions and that these dimensions are associated with such criteria in an interactive fashion. The current
study extends this research by theoretically strengthening and empirically testing their two-dimensional model.
Design/methodology/approach We surveyed adults who were working at least 30 h a week at three time periods to temporally separate measurement of predictors
and criteria (n = 172).
Findings Results provide support for the two-dimensional model. Input and outcome focus interacted to explain variance in individuals’
satisfaction and self-reported job performance even after controlling for demographic characteristics, personality, and social
desirability. By contrast, the original ESI only significantly predicted one of 10 dependent variables.
Implications Whereas a ratio has been historically used as the basis for evaluating equity, employing independent dimensions and investigating
their interaction seems more appropriate to assess individuals’ equity sensitivity. The current study suggests a multidimensional
measure of equity sensitivity may better reflect the original theoretical underpinnings of the construct.
Originality/value The current study enhances our understanding of equity theory in general, and equity sensitivity in particular, by drawing
attention to the multidimensional nature of the equity sensitivity construct. In particular, it extends the work of Davison
and Bing (J Manag Issues 20: 131–150, 2008) by revisiting Huseman et al.’s (Acad Manag Rev 12: 222–234, 1987) original conceptualization
of equity sensitivity. In doing so, we broaden its utility as a potential unique predictor of organizationally relevant criteria. 相似文献
124.
Balance Theory Applied to Service Quality: A Focus on the Organization, Provider, and Consumer Triad
Paula Phillips Carson Kerry D. Carson Stephen B. Knouse C. William Roe 《Journal of business and psychology》1997,12(2):99-120
As quality experts have focused primarily on manufacturing, theoretical frameworks for examining quality in the service sector are lacking. In order to fill this gap, Heider's (1958) balance theory is applied to explain how service organization, service provider, and consumer interrelationships influence service quality. Propositions are offered pertaining to: (a) how and why positive or negative relationships among the parties in this triad are developed, and (b) the consequences of these relationships on service quality, affective outcomes, and withdrawal behaviors. Examination of the service triangle within this framework can enhance understanding of quality service delivery and guide future research efforts in the continuous improvement domain. 相似文献
125.
This study examined the relationship of preexisting efficacy for exercise with perceptions of effort expenditure and in-task affect during exercise testing. Subjects comprised sedentary, middle-aged adults participating in a submaxi-mal cycle ergometer-graded exercise test. Perceptions of efficacy were assessed prior to and following exercise testing while perceptions of effort expenditure and in-task affect were assessed at 70% of predicted maxim heart rate. Highly efficacious subjects had lower perceptions of effort expenditure and reported more positive affect during exercise than did their less efficacious counterparts. Affective responses during exercise were in turn significant predictors of posttest self-efficacy. These results are discussed in regard to the importance of examining the role of personal efficacy in the formation of exercise-related affect and affective responses as sources of efficacy or competence information in exercise. 相似文献
126.
127.
This article defines the nature of paternalistic interventions in psychotherapy and discusses reasons why the client's right to consent to treatment is important. We describe a reasoning process developed by Culver and Gert (1982) that can be used to determine when paternalistic actions are and are not ethically justifiable in mental health practice. We demonstrate how this procedure may be applied to psychotherapy by using a number of case illustrations. 相似文献
128.
Kerry W Wyant James A Lippert Frank W Wyant Douglas G Moring 《Journal of research in personality》1977,11(3):347-355
Tested in the present study were the propositions that attraction toward others is lasting and that liked and disliked individuals serve as a basis for liking others. On the first day, subjects received interpersonal evaluations (e.g., judging the intelligence of others) which supposedly had originated with an anonymous person. Following a delay of 1 to 3 days, the attraction of some of the subjects toward the anonymous person was assessed while the attraction of other subjects toward a second anonymous person, who presumably had also evaluated the subjects, was also assessed. These latter subjects were never exposed to the alleged evaluation by the second person. Attraction toward the first person tended to endure and to generalize to the second person. 相似文献
129.
Barry S. Stein Kerry R. Way Sammie E. Benningfield Cathleen A. Hedgecough 《Memory & cognition》1986,14(5):432-441
In three experiments, we investigated the conditions under which relevant knowledge is spontaneously transferred to problem-solving tasks. Subjects were presented with key concepts that could help them solve problems presented at a later time in the experiment. The key concepts were embedded in statements that had surface structures similar or dissimilar to those of the problems and that emphasized relevant or irrelevant properties of the key concepts for the problemsolving task (contextual relevance). The results indicated that the spontaneous transfer of clue information to subsequent problem-solving tasks is affected by the contextual relevance and the surface-structure similarity of the clue statements to the problems. The findings also suggested that the surface-structure similarity and the contextual relevance of clue statements differentially affect the accessibility and appropriate application of key concepts in problem-solving tasks. The implications of these results for understanding the transfer of knowledge in problem-solving tasks are discussed. 相似文献
130.
Recent discoveries about the neural system and cellular mechanisms in pathways mediating classical fear conditioning have provided a foundation for pursuing concurrent connectionist models of this form of emotional learning. The models described are constrained by the known anatomy underlying the behavior being simulated. To date, implementations capture salient features of fear learning, both at the level of behavior and at the level of single cells, and additionally make use of generic biophysical constraints to mimic fundamental excitatory and inhibitory transmission properties. Owing to the modular nature of the systems model, biophysical modeling can be carried out in a single region, in this case the amygdala. Future directions include application of the biophysical model to questions about temporal summation in the two sensory input paths to amygdala, and modeling of an attentional interrupt signal that will extend the emotional processing model to interactions with cognitive systems. 相似文献